Pulmonary

Question 1

Management for high-risk (massive) PE

Answer 1

1) Heparin
2) TPA (if hemodynamically unstable)

3) Consider surgical embolizatjon

Question 2

Absolute contraindication to nasotracheal intubation

Answer 2

Coagulopathy
Maxillary and skull base fractures

Question 3

Management for acute laryngospasm

Answer 3

Inject propofol, 1mg/kg

Question 4

Alveolar gas equation

Answer 4

PAO2 = FiO2 x (Patm - PH2O) - (PACO2/RQ)

Patm = 760 mmHg (sea level)
PH2O = 47 mmHg (sea level)

Question 5

Lung hysteresis curve

Answer 5

For a given pressure, volume is higher during expiration

Question 6

Mechanism of nitric oxide

Answer 6

Augments neutrophil cytotoxic mechanisms by producing peroxynitrite

Question 7

Physiologic dead space

Answer 7

VDphys/TV = PaCO2/ETCO2) / PaCO2