Nephrology

Question 1

Management for moderate/severe hypermagnesemia

Answer 1

Lasix + fluid bolus

Question 2

Sodium correction in hyperglycemia

Answer 2

+ 1.6 mEq/L sodium for every 100 mg/dL increase in serum glucose.

Corrected Na = measured Na + ((BG - 100)/100) x 1.6

Question 3

Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on kidneys

Answer 3

Inhibits activity of RAAS
decreases afferent arteriolar resistance
Increased renal blood flow

Question 4

Fractional excretion of Urea

Answer 4

(Urine Urea x Serum Cr)/(serum Urea x urine Cr) x 100

< 30% = prerenal
> 70% = intrarenal

Question 5

Diffusion in CRRT

Answer 5

Particles move from area of high concentration to low contraction

Question 6

Convection in CRRT

Answer 6

Particles move across a member via pressure gradient

Question 7

FeNa

Answer 7

((UrNa x sCr)/(sNa x UrCr)) x 100

< 1% = prerenal
> 2% = ATN

Question 8

Transfer of solute across a semipermeable membrane by pressure-induced water flow (convection)

Answer 8

Hemofiltration

Preferred for higher molecular weight solutes and for removal of water

Question 9

Transfer of solute across a semipermeable membrane alone concentration gradient using countercurrent flow for optimal efficiency (diffusion)

Answer 9

Hemodialysis

Preferred for smaller solutes
(Cr, urea, electrolyte, acid/base buffers)

Question 10

Possible causes of AKI in rhabdomyolysis

Answer 10

1) decreased renal perfusion
2) tubular case formation
3) direct toxic effect of myoglobin on renal tubules

Question 11

Sodium deficit

Answer 11

(Target Na - Measured Na) x 0.6 x wt