Cardiology

Question 1

Predictor of AKI and need for RRT following cardiac surgery.

Answer 1

Post-cardiopulmonary bypass urinary secretion of cystatin C

Question 2

Potential complication of cardiac surgery resulting in respiratory distress

Answer 2

Phoenix nerve injury

Question 3

Absolute contraindications to ECMO

Answer 3

Lethal chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 13 and 18)
Severe neurologic compromise
Uncontrolled bleeding
Incurable malignancy
< 30 weeks prematurity
Weight < 1kg

Question 4

Primary stimulus for the physiologic release of BNP

Answer 4

Myocardial stretch

Question 5

Left ventricular transmural pressure

Answer 5

LV intracavitary pressure - pleural pressure

Question 6

Cannon A waves

Answer 6

Atrial contraction against closed TV
AV dissociation
Junctional rhythm

Question 7

Initial management for coarctation of aorta in neonate

Answer 7

IV prostaglandin

Question 8

Pressure difference between 2 chambers

Answer 8

4Vmax^2

Question 9

ECG abnormality associated with Hypercalcemia

Answer 9

Shortened PR and QTc intervals.

Question 10

Initial management for hypoxia-induced hypotension in bidirectional Glenn

Answer 10

Fluid bolus

Question 11

Transpulmonary gradient

Answer 11

mPAP - LAP (or PCWP)

Question 12

Best determinant of myocardial perfusion in CPR

Answer 12

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 13

Duke criteria for bacterial endocarditis

Answer 13

2 major
1 major + 3 minor
5 minor

Major
1) +BCx x 2 (strep bovis, s aureus, HACEK, viridans strep, community-acquired enterococci
2) New valvular regurgitation
3) evidence of endocardial involvement

Minor
1) prior heart disease or IVDU
2) fever
3) vascular phenomenon
4) immunologic phenomena
5) microbiological evidence