Pulmonary 12%

Question 1

Pneumonia pathogen MC in alcoholics

Answer 1

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 2

Pneumonia pathogen MC in COPD

Answer 2

Haemophilus pneumoniae

Question 3

Pneumonia pathogen MC in cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

Pseudomonas

Question 4

Pneumonia pathogens MC in postsplenectomy (3)

Answer 4

Encapsulated organisms
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus pneumonia

Question 5

Pneumonia pathogen MC in leukemia, lymphoma

Answer 5

Fungus

Question 6

Pneumonia pathogen MC in children less than 1 yrs old

Answer 6

RSV

Question 7

Pneumonia pathogen MC in children less than 2 yrs old

Answer 7

Parainfluenza virus

Question 8

Current jelly sputum

Answer 8

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 9

Rust colored sputum

Answer 9

Strep pneumoniae

Question 10

Bullous myringitis seen in ___ pneumonia

Answer 10

Mycoplasma

Question 11

Atypical pneumonia xray shows:

Answer 11

segmental unilateral lower lung zone infiltrates

OR diffuse infiltrates

Question 12

Tx for healthy outpatient pneumonia

Answer 12

Macrolide (clarithromycin, azithromycin)

OR doxycycline

Question 13

Tx for pneumonia in pts w/ underlying chronic disease

Answer 13

Fluroquinolone (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

OR beta-lactam (cefriazone, cefataxime) + macrolide (azithromycin)

Question 14

Tx for atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Legionella)

Answer 14

Erythromycin OR doxycycline

Tetracycline (Chlamydia)

Question 15

Tx for influenza A

Answer 15

oseltamivir

rimantadine

Question 16

Pneumonia pathogen MC in HIV

Answer 16

Streptococcus

Question 17

Pneumocystis jiroveci is MC opportunistic infection in HIV pts w/ CD4 counts ____

Answer 17

less than 200

Question 18

Pneumocystis pneumonia xray shows:

Answer 18

diffuse or perihilar infiltrates. NO effusions

Question 19

Tx for Pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 19

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 20

T/F: Prophylaxis against pneumocystis pneumonia is recommended in all patients with CD4 count less than 150

Answer 20

False. CD4 less than 200

Question 21

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

Hepatitis

Answer 21

INH

RIF

Question 22

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 22

INH

Coadminister vit B6 (pyridoxine) to reduce risk

Question 23

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

Orange body fluids

Answer 23

RIF

Question 24

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:
Optic neuritis (red/green vision loss)

Answer 24

EMB (ethambutol)

Question 25

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects: | flu symptoms

Answer 25

RIF

Question 26

Tx of bacterial acute bronchitis

Answer 26

1st line: 2nd gen cephalosporin (cefuroxime) | 2nd line: 2nd gen macrolide or Augmentin

Question 27

MC cause of acute bronchiolitis

Answer 27

RSV

Question 28

Tx of RSV

Answer 28

ribavirin

Question 29

Administration of this vaccine has decreased incidence of epiglottitis in children

Answer 29

H. Influenzae type B

Question 30

Tx of epiglottitis

Answer 30

Broad spectrum 2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporin (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone)

Question 31

MC cause of croup

Answer 31

Parainfluenza virus 1 + 2

Question 32

Xray of croup shows:

Answer 32

Steeple sign (subglottic narrowing)

Question 33

Harsh, barking, seal-like cough

Answer 33

Croup

Question 34

Carcinoid syndrome = (5)

Answer 34

flushing, diarrhea, telangiectasias, wheezing, hypotension

Question 35

SPHERE of Lung Cancer Complications

Answer 35

SVC syndrome = compression of SVC --> plethora, HA, AMS Pancoast tumor = tumor of lung apex --> Horner syndrome, shoulder pain Horner syndrome = unilateral facial anhidrosis, ptosis, miosis Endocrine = Carcinoid syndrome --> Flushing, diarrhea, telangeictasias Recurrent Laryngeal nerve --> hoarseness Effusions = exudative

Question 36

Tx of bronchiectasis

Answer 36

Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Bactrim, Cipro

Question 37

Parenchymal bullae, subpleural blebs are pathonomonic with ___

Answer 37

emphysema (COPD)

Question 38

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with ___

Answer 38

COPD

Question 39

Transudate effusion associated with

Answer 39

increased hydrostatic or decreased oncotic pressure (CHF, atelectasis, renal/liver disease)

Question 40

Exudate effusion associated with

Answer 40

leaky capillaries (infection, malignancy, trauma)

Question 41

Light's Criteria determines ___ 1. 2. 3.

Answer 41

Exudate if meets any 1 of the following: 1. Pleural fluid LDH:serum LDH > 0.6 2. Pleural fluid protein:serum protein > 0.5 3. Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 upper limit of normal for serum LDH

Question 42

Pulmonary HTN auscultation finding

Answer 42

narrow splitting accentuation of 2nd heart sound systolic ejection click

Question 43

Name the pneumoconioses: | Small opacities prominent in upper lung fields

Answer 43

Cola workers' pneumoconiosis

Question 44

Name the pneumoconioses: | Small rounded opacities throughout lung, hilar lymph nodes calcified

Answer 44

Silicosis

Question 45

Name the pneumoconioses: Interstitial fibrosis, PLEURAL THICKENING, calcified plaques on diaphragms/lateral chest wall reticular linear patter w/ basilar predominance, opacities, honeycombing

Answer 45

Asbestosis

Question 46

Name the pneumoconioses: | Diffuse infiltrates and hilar adenopathy

Answer 46

Berylliosis (high tech fields)

Question 47

Tx of Pertussis

Answer 47

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Question 48

Name the pneumoconioses: | reticular linear patter w/ basilar predominance, opacities, honeycombing

Answer 48

Asbestosis

Question 49

Lupus pernio is pathognomonic for ___

Answer 49

Sarcoidosis | = violaceous, raised discoloration of nose, ear, cheek, chin (like frost bite)

Question 50

Tx of sarcoidosis

Answer 50

oral corticosteroids

Question 51

MC cause of acute bronchitis

Answer 51

Adenovirus

Question 52

MC cause of laryngotracheitis

Answer 52

(Croup) Parainfluenza

Question 53

MC cause of acute epiglottitis

Answer 53

H. Influenza type B

Question 54

Tx of pulmonary hypertension

Answer 54

``` Vasodilators: 1. Calcium channel blockers 2. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors 3. Prostacyclins 4. Endothelin receptor antagonists O2 therapy, anticoag ```

Question 55

SE of streptomycin

Answer 55

Nephrotoxicity | Ototoxicity

Question 56

cause of pneumonia that is associated with bullous myringitis (vesicles on the TM)

Answer 56

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 57

lung infection associated with thick brown sputum, eosinophilia, and culture showing large septate hyphae

Answer 57

Aspergillus