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Pulmonary 12% Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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2
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in COPD

A

Haemophilus pneumoniae

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3
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in cystic fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas

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4
Q

Pneumonia pathogens MC in postsplenectomy (3)

A

Encapsulated organisms
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus pneumonia

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5
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in leukemia, lymphoma

A

Fungus

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6
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in children less than 1 yrs old

A

RSV

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7
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in children less than 2 yrs old

A

Parainfluenza virus

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8
Q

Current jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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9
Q

Rust colored sputum

A

Strep pneumoniae

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10
Q

Bullous myringitis seen in ___ pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma

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11
Q

Atypical pneumonia xray shows:

A

segmental unilateral lower lung zone infiltrates

OR diffuse infiltrates

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12
Q

Tx for healthy outpatient pneumonia

A

Macrolide (clarithromycin, azithromycin)

OR doxycycline

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13
Q

Tx for pneumonia in pts w/ underlying chronic disease

A

Fluroquinolone (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

OR beta-lactam (cefriazone, cefataxime) + macrolide (azithromycin)

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14
Q

Tx for atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Legionella)

A

Erythromycin OR doxycycline

Tetracycline (Chlamydia)

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15
Q

Tx for influenza A

A

oseltamivir

rimantadine

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16
Q

Pneumonia pathogen MC in HIV

A

Streptococcus

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17
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci is MC opportunistic infection in HIV pts w/ CD4 counts ____

A

less than 200

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia xray shows:

A

diffuse or perihilar infiltrates. NO effusions

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19
Q

Tx for Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

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20
Q

T/F: Prophylaxis against pneumocystis pneumonia is recommended in all patients with CD4 count less than 150

A

False. CD4 less than 200

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21
Q

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

Hepatitis

A

INH

RIF

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22
Q

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

Peripheral neuropathy

A

INH

Coadminister vit B6 (pyridoxine) to reduce risk

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23
Q

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

Orange body fluids

24
Q 
Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:
Optic neuritis (red/green vision loss)
A

EMB (ethambutol)

25
Q

Name the TB drug(s) with these side effects:

flu symptoms

26
Q

Tx of bacterial acute bronchitis

A

1st line: 2nd gen cephalosporin (cefuroxime)

2nd line: 2nd gen macrolide or Augmentin

27
Q

MC cause of acute bronchiolitis

28
Q

Tx of RSV

29
Q

Administration of this vaccine has decreased incidence of epiglottitis in children

A

H. Influenzae type B

30
Q

Tx of epiglottitis

A

Broad spectrum 2nd and 3rd gen cephalosporin (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone)

31
Q

MC cause of croup

A

Parainfluenza virus 1 + 2

32
Q

Xray of croup shows:

A

Steeple sign (subglottic narrowing)

33
Q

Harsh, barking, seal-like cough

34
Q

Carcinoid syndrome = (5)

A

flushing, diarrhea, telangiectasias, wheezing, hypotension

35
Q

SPHERE of Lung Cancer Complications

A

SVC syndrome = compression of SVC –> plethora, HA, AMS
Pancoast tumor = tumor of lung apex –> Horner syndrome, shoulder pain
Horner syndrome = unilateral facial anhidrosis, ptosis, miosis
Endocrine = Carcinoid syndrome –> Flushing, diarrhea, telangeictasias
Recurrent Laryngeal nerve –> hoarseness
Effusions = exudative

36
Q

Tx of bronchiectasis

A

Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Bactrim, Cipro

37
Q

Parenchymal bullae, subpleural blebs are pathonomonic with ___

A

emphysema (COPD)

38
Q

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with ___

39
Q

Transudate effusion associated with

A

increased hydrostatic or decreased oncotic pressure (CHF, atelectasis, renal/liver disease)

40
Q

Exudate effusion associated with

A

leaky capillaries (infection, malignancy, trauma)

41
Q

Light’s Criteria determines ___
1.
2.
3.

A

Exudate if meets any 1 of the following:

  1. Pleural fluid LDH:serum LDH > 0.6
  2. Pleural fluid protein:serum protein > 0.5
  3. Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 upper limit of normal for serum LDH
42
Q

Pulmonary HTN auscultation finding

A

narrow splitting
accentuation of 2nd heart sound
systolic ejection click

43
Q

Name the pneumoconioses:

Small opacities prominent in upper lung fields

A

Cola workers’ pneumoconiosis

44
Q

Name the pneumoconioses:

Small rounded opacities throughout lung, hilar lymph nodes calcified

45
Q

Name the pneumoconioses:
Interstitial fibrosis, PLEURAL THICKENING, calcified plaques on diaphragms/lateral chest wall
reticular linear patter w/ basilar predominance, opacities, honeycombing

A

Asbestosis

46
Q

Name the pneumoconioses:

Diffuse infiltrates and hilar adenopathy

A

Berylliosis (high tech fields)

47
Q

Tx of Pertussis

A

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

48
Q

Name the pneumoconioses:

reticular linear patter w/ basilar predominance, opacities, honeycombing

A

Asbestosis

49
Q

Lupus pernio is pathognomonic for ___

A

Sarcoidosis

= violaceous, raised discoloration of nose, ear, cheek, chin (like frost bite)

50
Q

Tx of sarcoidosis

A

oral corticosteroids

51
Q

MC cause of acute bronchitis

A

Adenovirus

52
Q

MC cause of laryngotracheitis

A

(Croup) Parainfluenza

53
Q

MC cause of acute epiglottitis

A

H. Influenza type B

54
Q

Tx of pulmonary hypertension

A 
Vasodilators: 
1. Calcium channel blockers
2. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
3. Prostacyclins
4. Endothelin receptor antagonists 
O2 therapy, anticoag
55
Q

SE of streptomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

56
Q

cause of pneumonia that is associated with bullous myringitis (vesicles on the TM)

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

57
Q

lung infection associated with thick brown sputum, eosinophilia, and culture showing large septate hyphae

A

Aspergillus

PANCE (20 decks)

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