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PANCE > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

A 3rd fontanelle along sagittal suture is associated w/ ___

A

trisomy 21

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2
Q

Fluid accumulation under scalp secondary to birth trauma

A

Caput succedaneum

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3
Q

Best way to assess newborn hearing

A

Auditory brain stem response

Evoked otoacoustic emission testing

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4
Q

Gray/pale yellow spots at periphery of iris =

Associated w/ ___

A

Brushfield spots

Down syndrome

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5
Q

Choanal atresia or stenosis
Dx established by:
Confirmed with:

A

Inability to pass small caliber catheter

Axial CT

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6
Q

Pierre-Robin syndrome 1st recognized by ___.

A

small mandible and tongue

Clefted soft palate

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7
Q

Severely scaphoid belly + respiratory distress suggest ____.

A

diaphragmatic hernia

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8
Q

Delayed stool (>24 hrs after birth) may indicate ___

A

Hirschsprung disease

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9
Q

Tx of vaginal adhesions (fused introitus)

A

Application of estrogen or beclomethasone cream x 5-10 days

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10
Q

Dropping infant’s head 1-2 cms, infant with abduct at shoulders and elbow w/ spreading and extending of fingers –> adduction and flexion

Disappears by ___

A

Moro/startle reflex

3-4 months of age

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11
Q

Earliest reflexes

A

Sucking, rooting

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12
Q

Palmar and plantar grasp disappears by ___

A

4 months

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13
Q

Dx of Congential Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

17-Hydroxyprogesterone

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14
Q

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:
Tall, thin, long limbed –> obese in adulthood
Ataxia, expressive language disorders
Males: small penis, hypogonadism, scant pubic/facial hair, gynecomastia
Females: Eunuchoid habitus

A

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

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15
Q

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

  • Short stature, webbed neck, prominent ears, low posterior hairline, broad chest w/ widely spaced nipples
  • Visual/spatial perceptive disabilities
  • Primary amenorrhea, ovarian dysgenesis, absence of secondary sex characteristics
  • Coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, aortic stenosis
A

Turner Syndrome (OX)

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16
Q 
Name the chromosomal abnormalities:
Pale, blue irides 
-Long narrowed facies, large protruding ears, large protruding jaw, flat feet, hyperextensible fingers 
-Mitral valve prolapse 
-Prepubertal large gonads
A

Fragile X syndrome

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17
Q

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

  • Large-for-gestational-age infant
  • Hypoglycemia during infancy
  • Creases and pits in earlobes, asymmetric limbs
  • RIsk for Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma
A

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Chromosome 11p15

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18
Q

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

  • Small for gestational age, hypogonadism
  • Small hands, feet, almond-shaped eyes, hypotonia
  • Mental retardation, short stature, polyphagia
A

Prader-Wili Syndrome

Chromosome 15q11

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19
Q

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

  • Severe mental retardation, marked developmental delay, poor language skills
  • Paroxysmal laughter, tongue thrusting
  • Prognathism, seizures, abnormal gait/posturing
A

Angelman syndrome

Chromosome 15

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20
Q

Growth hormone is produced by ___
Stimulated by ___
Suppressed by ___

A

Anterior pituitary
GH-releasing hormone
Somatostatin

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21
Q

Dwarfism that results from mutation in GH receptor

A

Laron syndrome

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22
Q

Which vaccines is CI if allergic to neomycin and streptomycin?

A

MMR

Inactivated polio

23
Q

Which vaccine is CI if allergic to Baker’s yeast?

A

Hepatitis B

24
Q

Which vaccine is CI if allergic to eggs?

A

Influenza

25
Q

Which vaccine is CI if allergic to Gelatin?

A

Varicella

26
Q

Which vaccines is CI if pregnant?

A 
Live vaccines:
HPV
Influenza
MMR
Varicella
Polio
27
Q

T/F: Patients immunize w/ influenza vaccine should avoid family members w/ immunodeficiency.

A

False. Varicella vaccine.

28
Q

Universal lead screening is recommended for ___

A

1-2 y/o

29
Q
  • No further action required for ____ lead level.
  • Prompt close developmental/cognitive monitoring for ___ lead level.
  • Treat with chelation for ___ lead level.
  • Severe health problems, seizures and coma see in ___ lead level.
A
  • No further action required for <10 ug/dL lead level.
  • Prompt close developmental/cognitive monitoring for >14 ug/dL lead level.
  • Treat with chelation for >45 ug/dL lead level.
  • Severe health problems, seizures and coma see in >70 ug/dL lead level.
30
Q

Garlic breath seen in ___ poisioning

A

arsenic

organophosphates

31
Q

TCAs cause ___ of EKG.

A

prolonged QRS complexes

32
Q

Anticholinergic poisioning causes____

A

warm, dry skin

33
Q

Organic phosphates poisioning causes ___

A

Salivation, urination

34
Q 
Still's murmur:
Loudest at \_\_\_\_ 
Grade \_\_ to \_\_\_ musical/vibratory, (high/low) pitched, early (systolic/diastolic) murmur
Diminished w/ \_\_\_.
Accentuated w/ \_\_\_.
A

Apex, left sternal boarder
I and III, high pitched, early systolic
Diminished w/ sitting, standing, Valsalva maneuvers
Accentuated w/ fever

35
Q 
Venous hum:
Loudest at \_\_\_
Grad \_\_  or \_\_\_ musical hum 
Diminished w/ \_\_\_
Accentuated w/ \_\_\_
A

Left or right infraclavicular area (louder on right)
I or II
Diminished w/ turning head, jugular compression, supine position
Accentuated w/ sitting

36
Q 
Pulmonary ejection murmur:
Localized to \_\_\_
Grade \_\_ or \_\_\_, (soft/harsh) (systolic/diastolic) ejection murmur
Diminished w/ \_\_\_
Accentuated w/ \_\_\_
A

upper left sternal border
I or II, soft, systolic ejection murmur
Diminished w/ Valsalva maneuvers
Accentuated w/ supine

37
Q

Tx of Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

A

IVIG + high dose aspirin

38
Q

Only childhood viral exanthem that starts on trunk and spreads to face

Transmitted by ___
Caused by ___

Presentation:

A

Roseola (6th’s disease)

Respiratory droplets
HHV6

High fever for 3-5 days –> rose pink maculopapular blanchable rash

39
Q

Koplik spots = ___

Pathognomonic for ___.

A

= small red spots in buccal mucosa w/ blue/white pale center

Rubeola (Measles)

40
Q

Name the exanthem:
Mobiliform (maculopapular)brick red rash on face beginning at hairline

Caused by ___

A

Rubeola (Measles)

Paramyxovirus

41
Q

T/F: Otitis media is MC complication of rubella.

A

False. Rubeola

42
Q

Name the exanthem:
Pink light-red spotted maculopaular rash on face –> extremities lasting 3 days

Caused by ___

A

Rubella (German Measles)

Togavirus

43
Q

Name the exanthem:
Teratogenic, especially in 1st trimester.
Causes ___

A

Rubella (German Measles)

Congenital syndrome: sensorineural deafness, cataracts, TTP (blueberry muffin rash), mental retardation, heart defects

44
Q

Name the exanthem:
Lacy reticular rash on (upper) extremities
Spares palms, and soles

Caused by___

A

Erythema Infectiosum (5th’s Disease)

(“slapped cheek” rash on face)

Parvovirus B-19

45
Q

Tdap vaccine is for ___ y/o

A

> 7 y/o

46
Q

Bart’s hemoglobin seen on electrophoresis =

A

alpha thalassemia

47
Q

Tx of rheumatic fever

A

PCN G

Erythromycin if allergy

48
Q

MC cause of HTN in children

Dx:

A

Renal disease

Dx w/ urinalysis –> renal US

49
Q

TORCH infections

A 
Congenital neonatal infections:
TOxoplasmosis
Other: syphilis, varicella, parvovirus
Rubella 
CMV* Most COMMON
HSV/Hepatitis/HIV
50
Q

CI for breastfeeding

A

Active tuberculosis of mother

Galactosemia in infant

51
Q

Classic finding of Reye syndrome

Tx:

A

URI followed by unresponsiveness

Supportive

52
Q

Family members of pts with pertussis should be treated with ___

A

azithromycin

53
Q

Obesity in pediatric pts defined as ___

A

BMI for age > 95th percentile

PANCE (20 decks)

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