Pediatrics Flashcards by Shirley Yancey

A 3rd fontanelle along sagittal suture is associated w/ ___

trisomy 21

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluid accumulation under scalp secondary to birth trauma

Caput succedaneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Best way to assess newborn hearing

Auditory brain stem response

Evoked otoacoustic emission testing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gray/pale yellow spots at periphery of iris =

Associated w/ ___

Brushfield spots

Down syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Choanal atresia or stenosis
Dx established by:
Confirmed with:

Inability to pass small caliber catheter

Axial CT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pierre-Robin syndrome 1st recognized by ___.

small mandible and tongue

Clefted soft palate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Severely scaphoid belly + respiratory distress suggest ____.

diaphragmatic hernia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Delayed stool (>24 hrs after birth) may indicate ___

Hirschsprung disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tx of vaginal adhesions (fused introitus)

Application of estrogen or beclomethasone cream x 5-10 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dropping infant’s head 1-2 cms, infant with abduct at shoulders and elbow w/ spreading and extending of fingers –> adduction and flexion

Disappears by ___

Moro/startle reflex

3-4 months of age

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Earliest reflexes

Sucking, rooting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Palmar and plantar grasp disappears by ___

4 months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dx of Congential Adrenal Hyperplasia

17-Hydroxyprogesterone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:
Tall, thin, long limbed –> obese in adulthood
Ataxia, expressive language disorders
Males: small penis, hypogonadism, scant pubic/facial hair, gynecomastia
Females: Eunuchoid habitus

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

Short stature, webbed neck, prominent ears, low posterior hairline, broad chest w/ widely spaced nipples
Visual/spatial perceptive disabilities
Primary amenorrhea, ovarian dysgenesis, absence of secondary sex characteristics
Coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, aortic stenosis

Turner Syndrome (OX)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:
Pale, blue irides 
-Long narrowed facies, large protruding ears, large protruding jaw, flat feet, hyperextensible fingers 
-Mitral valve prolapse 
-Prepubertal large gonads

Fragile X syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

Large-for-gestational-age infant
Hypoglycemia during infancy
Creases and pits in earlobes, asymmetric limbs
RIsk for Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Chromosome 11p15

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

Small for gestational age, hypogonadism
Small hands, feet, almond-shaped eyes, hypotonia
Mental retardation, short stature, polyphagia

Prader-Wili Syndrome

Chromosome 15q11

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the chromosomal abnormalities:

Severe mental retardation, marked developmental delay, poor language skills
Paroxysmal laughter, tongue thrusting
Prognathism, seizures, abnormal gait/posturing

Angelman syndrome

Chromosome 15

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Growth hormone is produced by ___
Stimulated by ___
Suppressed by ___

Anterior pituitary
GH-releasing hormone
Somatostatin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dwarfism that results from mutation in GH receptor

Laron syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which vaccines is CI if allergic to neomycin and streptomycin?

MMR

Inactivated polio

Which vaccine is CI if allergic to Baker’s yeast?

Hepatitis B

Which vaccine is CI if allergic to eggs?

Influenza

Which vaccine is CI if allergic to Gelatin?

Varicella

Which vaccines is CI if pregnant?

``` Live vaccines: HPV Influenza MMR Varicella Polio ```

T/F: Patients immunize w/ influenza vaccine should avoid family members w/ immunodeficiency.

False. Varicella vaccine.

Universal lead screening is recommended for ___

1-2 y/o

- No further action required for ____ lead level. - Prompt close developmental/cognitive monitoring for ___ lead level. - Treat with chelation for ___ lead level. - Severe health problems, seizures and coma see in ___ lead level.

- No further action required for <10 ug/dL lead level. - Prompt close developmental/cognitive monitoring for >14 ug/dL lead level. - Treat with chelation for >45 ug/dL lead level. - Severe health problems, seizures and coma see in >70 ug/dL lead level.

Garlic breath seen in ___ poisioning

arsenic | organophosphates

TCAs cause ___ of EKG.

prolonged QRS complexes

Anticholinergic poisioning causes____

warm, dry skin

Organic phosphates poisioning causes ___

Salivation, urination

``` Still's murmur: Loudest at ____ Grade __ to ___ musical/vibratory, (high/low) pitched, early (systolic/diastolic) murmur Diminished w/ ___. Accentuated w/ ___. ```

Apex, left sternal boarder I and III, high pitched, early systolic Diminished w/ sitting, standing, Valsalva maneuvers Accentuated w/ fever

``` Venous hum: Loudest at ___ Grad __ or ___ musical hum Diminished w/ ___ Accentuated w/ ___ ```

Left or right infraclavicular area (louder on right) I or II Diminished w/ turning head, jugular compression, supine position Accentuated w/ sitting

``` Pulmonary ejection murmur: Localized to ___ Grade __ or ___, (soft/harsh) (systolic/diastolic) ejection murmur Diminished w/ ___ Accentuated w/ ___ ```

upper left sternal border I or II, soft, systolic ejection murmur Diminished w/ Valsalva maneuvers Accentuated w/ supine

Tx of Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

IVIG + high dose aspirin

Only childhood viral exanthem that starts on trunk and spreads to face Transmitted by ___ Caused by ___ Presentation:

Roseola (6th's disease) Respiratory droplets HHV6 High fever for 3-5 days --> rose pink maculopapular blanchable rash

Koplik spots = ___ | Pathognomonic for ___.

= small red spots in buccal mucosa w/ blue/white pale center Rubeola (Measles)

Name the exanthem: Mobiliform (maculopapular)brick red rash on face beginning at hairline Caused by ___

Rubeola (Measles) Paramyxovirus

T/F: Otitis media is MC complication of rubella.

False. Rubeola

Name the exanthem: Pink light-red spotted maculopaular rash on face --> extremities lasting 3 days Caused by ___

Rubella (German Measles) Togavirus

Name the exanthem: Teratogenic, especially in 1st trimester. Causes ___

Rubella (German Measles) Congenital syndrome: sensorineural deafness, cataracts, TTP (blueberry muffin rash), mental retardation, heart defects

Name the exanthem: Lacy reticular rash on (upper) extremities Spares palms, and soles Caused by___

Erythema Infectiosum (5th's Disease) ("slapped cheek" rash on face) Parvovirus B-19

Tdap vaccine is for ___ y/o

> 7 y/o

Bart's hemoglobin seen on electrophoresis =

alpha thalassemia

Tx of rheumatic fever

PCN G | Erythromycin if allergy

MC cause of HTN in children Dx:

Renal disease Dx w/ urinalysis --> renal US

TORCH infections

``` Congenital neonatal infections: TOxoplasmosis Other: syphilis, varicella, parvovirus Rubella CMV* Most COMMON HSV/Hepatitis/HIV ```

CI for breastfeeding

Active tuberculosis of mother | Galactosemia in infant

Classic finding of Reye syndrome Tx:

URI followed by unresponsiveness Supportive

Family members of pts with pertussis should be treated with ___

azithromycin

Obesity in pediatric pts defined as ___

BMI for age > 95th percentile