pulmo patho Flashcards
where is the most common sinnus infection in children
ethmoid
kiesselbach arteries
1) superior labial
2) anterior and posterior
ethmoidal artery
3) greater palatine
4) sphenopalatine
causes of oropharyngeal cancer
cause of nasopharyngeal cancer
HPV 16
EBV
DLCO in chronic bronchitis is
normal
barrel chest shape
emphysema
curshmann spirals is due to
mucuos plugs
charcot leyden crystals is due to
eosniphilic double pointed like crystals
asthma findings
hyperresponsive bronchial disease
smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia
aspirin induced asthma
COX inhibition –> leukotriene overproduction –> airway constriction
in asthma DLCO is
normal or increased
what interleukin is found in asthma ??
IL5
what interleukin is found in asthma ??
allergen activates TH1 OR tH2 that increases which interleukin that leads to recruitment of what types of cells?
dendretic cells activate –? Th2 –> eosinophils recruitment
list markers of neuroendocrine tumors
neuron specific enolase
chromogranin synapto-physin
bronchiectasis associated with what disease
bronchial obstruction poor ciliary ( smoking, kartagener) cystic fibrosis allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis tumor that is obstructing
aspirin induced asthma asssociated with
nasal polyps
chronic sinusitis
asthma symptoms
pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis is also called
eosinophilic granuloma
what are the drugs that can lead to restrictive lung disease
busalfan
bleomycin
amiodarone
methotrexate
interstital fibrosis histology
patchy area of chronic inflammation
TGFbeta men esma tisue growth factor . sho by3ml
tissue growth factor
how does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis happen?
lung iinjury –> leads to loss of type I . byejo el type II badon eyzabto w y3mlo hyperplasia and ey3awdo bas due to several abnormalities. hal shi ma besir and instead there is fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation leading to dense fibrosis
what is hypersenistivity pneumonitis
farmer and those exposed to birds
mixed III / IV and cause dyspnea, cough chest tightness and headach
what is hypersensitivity pneumonitis
farmer and those exposed to birds
mixed III / IV and cause dyspnea, cough chest tightness and headach
singed hair cells on exam
inhalation injury
what do we see on bronchoscopy of the inhalation injury
edema - congestion of bronchus - soot deposition
myeloperoxidase is secreated by :
and what is its color
neutrophils
blue green . it gives the sputum its color in strep pneumonia (blue green heme based enzyme and forms
hypochlorous acid ( bleech)
Caplan syndrome
RA + pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules
asbestosis ferrunginious bodies resemble
seen using what stain
dumbbells
Prussian blue stain
Sarcoidosis btshbah el aya disease but they hint us byeshte8el bil NASA
berylosis
anthracosis :
the asymptomatic condition found in many urban dwellers exposed to sooty air
which pneumoconiosis has increased risk of caplan syndrome
coal worker pneumoconiosis
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
is a serious blood transfusion complication characterized by the acute onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema following transfusion of blood products.
ARDS criteria
respiratory failure within 1 week of insult
PaO2 / Fi O2 < 300
hypoxemia due to increase in inrapulmonary shunt and diffusion
nno evidence of HF / fluid overload
PCWP normal
aspiration can lead to ARDS ( True/False)
true
mediastinal mass versus apical mass
mediastinal mass more likely to cause SVC
eza aktr apical w unilateral it will more likely cause brachiocephalic vein
what cell is a key player in lung abscess
neurtophils : –> release cytotoxic granules containing myeloperoxidase that destroy the lung parenchyma –> liquefy necrosis –> lung abscess
lung abscess 2nd to what bacteria
anaerobes
staph aureus
list 2 causes of lymphatic pleural effusions
thoracic duct injury(trauma)
malignancy( lymphoma most common)
towards or away the lesion?
spontaneous pneumothorax versus tension pneumothorax
spontaneous : towards the lesion
tension : away
site of met of lung cancer
adrenals , bone ,brain, liver
what cancer go to lung ( mets) use mneumonic
BCP brain colon prostate
what is the cpt in smoking that leads to cancer?
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
markers of small cell carcinoma
chromogranin A
synaptophysin
neuron- specific enolase
gene related to small cell carcinoma
myc
genes of adeno
KRAS, EGFR, ALK
markers of small cell carcinoma
chromogranin A
synaptophysin
neuron- specific enolase
neural cell adhesion
what do you see in large cell carcinoma
pleomorphic giant cells
histology of bronchial carcinoid tumor
neuroendocrine cells - chromogranin A
bronchoalveolar cells in bronchoalveolar subtype
tall columnar cells containing mucus ( arise from clara cells)- well differentiated cells
bronchoalveolar subtype what does the chest xray show
hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia
mesothelioma is positive for what on histology
cytokeratin and psammoma bodies
electron microscopy mesothelioma
long slender microvilli and abundant tonofilaments
silicosis mneumonic
sho besir pathogenesis
Silly egg
egg calcification
macrophage respond to silica and disrupt phagolysosome and impair macrophage, increasing susceptibility to TB.
anthrocosis
asxm found in urban dwellers exposed to soot air
what increase risk of caplan syndrome
berylosis and silicosis
black lung disease
Coal workers pneumoconiosis
N -acetyl cysteine used
overdote for acetaminophen overdose
mucolytic
what can be given for overdose of dextromethorphan
naloxone
hypoxia causes
anemia
cyanide - CO
decrease cardiac output
