pulmo patho Flashcards by Yara Khalifeh

where is the most common sinnus infection in children

ethmoid

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kiesselbach arteries

1) superior labial
2) anterior and posterior
ethmoidal artery
3) greater palatine
4) sphenopalatine

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causes of oropharyngeal cancer

cause of nasopharyngeal cancer

HPV 16

EBV

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DLCO in chronic bronchitis is

normal

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barrel chest shape

emphysema

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curshmann spirals is due to

mucuos plugs

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charcot leyden crystals is due to

eosniphilic double pointed like crystals

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asthma findings

hyperresponsive bronchial disease

smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia

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aspirin induced asthma

COX inhibition –> leukotriene overproduction –> airway constriction

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in asthma DLCO is

normal or increased

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what interleukin is found in asthma ??

IL5

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what interleukin is found in asthma ??

allergen activates TH1 OR tH2 that increases which interleukin that leads to recruitment of what types of cells?

dendretic cells activate –? Th2 –> eosinophils recruitment

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list markers of neuroendocrine tumors

neuron specific enolase

chromogranin synapto-physin

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bronchiectasis associated with what disease

bronchial obstruction
poor ciliary ( smoking, kartagener)
cystic fibrosis 
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 
tumor that is obstructing

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aspirin induced asthma asssociated with

nasal polyps
chronic sinusitis
asthma symptoms

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pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis is also called

eosinophilic granuloma

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what are the drugs that can lead to restrictive lung disease

busalfan
bleomycin
amiodarone
methotrexate

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interstital fibrosis histology

patchy area of chronic inflammation

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TGFbeta men esma tisue growth factor . sho by3ml

tissue growth factor

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how does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis happen?

lung iinjury –> leads to loss of type I . byejo el type II badon eyzabto w y3mlo hyperplasia and ey3awdo bas due to several abnormalities. hal shi ma besir and instead there is fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation leading to dense fibrosis

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what is hypersenistivity pneumonitis

farmer and those exposed to birds

mixed III / IV and cause dyspnea, cough chest tightness and headach

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what is hypersensitivity pneumonitis

farmer and those exposed to birds

mixed III / IV and cause dyspnea, cough chest tightness and headach

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singed hair cells on exam

inhalation injury

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what do we see on bronchoscopy of the inhalation injury

Study These Flashcards

edema - congestion of bronchus - soot deposition

myeloperoxidase is secreated by : | and what is its color

neutrophils blue green . it gives the sputum its color in strep pneumonia (blue green heme based enzyme and forms hypochlorous acid ( bleech)

Caplan syndrome

RA + pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules

asbestosis ferrunginious bodies resemble | seen using what stain

dumbbells | Prussian blue stain

Sarcoidosis btshbah el aya disease but they hint us byeshte8el bil NASA

berylosis

anthracosis :

the asymptomatic condition found in many urban dwellers exposed to sooty air

which pneumoconiosis has increased risk of caplan syndrome

coal worker pneumoconiosis

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

is a serious blood transfusion complication characterized by the acute onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema following transfusion of blood products.

ARDS criteria

respiratory failure within 1 week of insult PaO2 / Fi O2 < 300 hypoxemia due to increase in inrapulmonary shunt and diffusion nno evidence of HF / fluid overload PCWP normal

aspiration can lead to ARDS ( True/False)

true

mediastinal mass versus apical mass

mediastinal mass more likely to cause SVC | eza aktr apical w unilateral it will more likely cause brachiocephalic vein

what cell is a key player in lung abscess

neurtophils : --> release cytotoxic granules containing myeloperoxidase that destroy the lung parenchyma --> liquefy necrosis --> lung abscess

lung abscess 2nd to what bacteria

anaerobes | staph aureus

list 2 causes of lymphatic pleural effusions

thoracic duct injury(trauma) | malignancy( lymphoma most common)

towards or away the lesion? | spontaneous pneumothorax versus tension pneumothorax

spontaneous : towards the lesion | tension : away

site of met of lung cancer

adrenals , bone ,brain, liver

what cancer go to lung ( mets) use mneumonic

BCP brain colon prostate

what is the cpt in smoking that leads to cancer?

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

markers of small cell carcinoma

chromogranin A synaptophysin neuron- specific enolase

gene related to small cell carcinoma

myc

genes of adeno

KRAS, EGFR, ALK

markers of small cell carcinoma

chromogranin A synaptophysin neuron- specific enolase neural cell adhesion

what do you see in large cell carcinoma

pleomorphic giant cells

histology of bronchial carcinoid tumor

neuroendocrine cells - chromogranin A

bronchoalveolar cells in bronchoalveolar subtype

tall columnar cells containing mucus ( arise from clara cells)- well differentiated cells

bronchoalveolar subtype what does the chest xray show

hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia

mesothelioma is positive for what on histology

cytokeratin and psammoma bodies

electron microscopy mesothelioma

long slender microvilli and abundant tonofilaments

silicosis mneumonic | sho besir pathogenesis

Silly egg egg calcification macrophage respond to silica and disrupt phagolysosome and impair macrophage, increasing susceptibility to TB.

anthrocosis

asxm found in urban dwellers exposed to soot air

what increase risk of caplan syndrome

berylosis and silicosis

black lung disease

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

N -acetyl cysteine used

overdote for acetaminophen overdose | mucolytic

what can be given for overdose of dextromethorphan

naloxone

hypoxia causes

anemia cyanide - CO decrease cardiac output

pulmo patho Flashcards

(58 cards)