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STEP1 > pulmo patho > Flashcards

pulmo patho Flashcards

1
Q

where is the most common sinnus infection in children

A

ethmoid

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2
Q

kiesselbach arteries

A

1) superior labial
2) anterior and posterior
ethmoidal artery
3) greater palatine
4) sphenopalatine

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3
Q

causes of oropharyngeal cancer

cause of nasopharyngeal cancer

A

HPV 16

EBV

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4
Q

DLCO in chronic bronchitis is

A

normal

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5
Q

barrel chest shape

A

emphysema

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6
Q

curshmann spirals is due to

A

mucuos plugs

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7
Q

charcot leyden crystals is due to

A

eosniphilic double pointed like crystals

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8
Q

asthma findings

A

hyperresponsive bronchial disease

smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia

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9
Q

aspirin induced asthma

A

COX inhibition –> leukotriene overproduction –> airway constriction

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10
Q

in asthma DLCO is

A

normal or increased

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11
Q

what interleukin is found in asthma ??

A

IL5

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12
Q

what interleukin is found in asthma ??

allergen activates TH1 OR tH2 that increases which interleukin that leads to recruitment of what types of cells?

A

dendretic cells activate –? Th2 –> eosinophils recruitment

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13
Q

list markers of neuroendocrine tumors

A

neuron specific enolase

chromogranin synapto-physin

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14
Q

bronchiectasis associated with what disease

A 
bronchial obstruction
poor ciliary ( smoking, kartagener)
cystic fibrosis 
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 
tumor that is obstructing
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15
Q

aspirin induced asthma asssociated with

A

nasal polyps
chronic sinusitis
asthma symptoms

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16
Q

pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis is also called

A

eosinophilic granuloma

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17
Q

what are the drugs that can lead to restrictive lung disease

A

busalfan
bleomycin
amiodarone
methotrexate

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18
Q

interstital fibrosis histology

A

patchy area of chronic inflammation

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19
Q

TGFbeta men esma tisue growth factor . sho by3ml

A

tissue growth factor

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20
Q

how does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis happen?

A

lung iinjury –> leads to loss of type I . byejo el type II badon eyzabto w y3mlo hyperplasia and ey3awdo bas due to several abnormalities. hal shi ma besir and instead there is fibroblast and myofibroblast migration and proliferation leading to dense fibrosis

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21
Q

what is hypersenistivity pneumonitis

A

farmer and those exposed to birds

mixed III / IV and cause dyspnea, cough chest tightness and headach

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22
Q

what is hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

farmer and those exposed to birds

mixed III / IV and cause dyspnea, cough chest tightness and headach

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23
Q

singed hair cells on exam

A

inhalation injury

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24
Q

what do we see on bronchoscopy of the inhalation injury

A

edema - congestion of bronchus - soot deposition

25
Q

myeloperoxidase is secreated by :

and what is its color

A

neutrophils
blue green . it gives the sputum its color in strep pneumonia (blue green heme based enzyme and forms
hypochlorous acid ( bleech)

26
Q

Caplan syndrome

A

RA + pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules

27
Q

asbestosis ferrunginious bodies resemble

seen using what stain

A

dumbbells

Prussian blue stain

28
Q

Sarcoidosis btshbah el aya disease but they hint us byeshte8el bil NASA

A

berylosis

29
Q

anthracosis :

A

the asymptomatic condition found in many urban dwellers exposed to sooty air

30
Q

which pneumoconiosis has increased risk of caplan syndrome

A

coal worker pneumoconiosis

31
Q

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

A

is a serious blood transfusion complication characterized by the acute onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema following transfusion of blood products.

32
Q

ARDS criteria

A

respiratory failure within 1 week of insult
PaO2 / Fi O2 < 300
hypoxemia due to increase in inrapulmonary shunt and diffusion
nno evidence of HF / fluid overload
PCWP normal

33
Q

aspiration can lead to ARDS ( True/False)

A

true

34
Q

mediastinal mass versus apical mass

A

mediastinal mass more likely to cause SVC

eza aktr apical w unilateral it will more likely cause brachiocephalic vein

35
Q

what cell is a key player in lung abscess

A

neurtophils : –> release cytotoxic granules containing myeloperoxidase that destroy the lung parenchyma –> liquefy necrosis –> lung abscess

36
Q

lung abscess 2nd to what bacteria

A

anaerobes

staph aureus

37
Q

list 2 causes of lymphatic pleural effusions

A

thoracic duct injury(trauma)

malignancy( lymphoma most common)

38
Q

towards or away the lesion?

spontaneous pneumothorax versus tension pneumothorax

A

spontaneous : towards the lesion

tension : away

39
Q

site of met of lung cancer

A

adrenals , bone ,brain, liver

40
Q

what cancer go to lung ( mets) use mneumonic

A

BCP brain colon prostate

41
Q

what is the cpt in smoking that leads to cancer?

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

42
Q

markers of small cell carcinoma

A

chromogranin A
synaptophysin
neuron- specific enolase

43
Q

gene related to small cell carcinoma

A

myc

44
Q

genes of adeno

A

KRAS, EGFR, ALK

45
Q

markers of small cell carcinoma

A

chromogranin A
synaptophysin
neuron- specific enolase
neural cell adhesion

46
Q

what do you see in large cell carcinoma

A

pleomorphic giant cells

47
Q

histology of bronchial carcinoid tumor

A

neuroendocrine cells - chromogranin A

48
Q

bronchoalveolar cells in bronchoalveolar subtype

A

tall columnar cells containing mucus ( arise from clara cells)- well differentiated cells

49
Q

bronchoalveolar subtype what does the chest xray show

A

hazy infiltrates similar to pneumonia

50
Q

mesothelioma is positive for what on histology

A

cytokeratin and psammoma bodies

51
Q

electron microscopy mesothelioma

A

long slender microvilli and abundant tonofilaments

52
Q

silicosis mneumonic

sho besir pathogenesis

A

Silly egg
egg calcification
macrophage respond to silica and disrupt phagolysosome and impair macrophage, increasing susceptibility to TB.

53
Q

anthrocosis

A

asxm found in urban dwellers exposed to soot air

54
Q

what increase risk of caplan syndrome

A

berylosis and silicosis

55
Q

black lung disease

A

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

56
Q

N -acetyl cysteine used

A

overdote for acetaminophen overdose

mucolytic

57
Q

what can be given for overdose of dextromethorphan

A

naloxone

58
Q

hypoxia causes

A

anemia
cyanide - CO
decrease cardiac output

STEP1 (7 decks)

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