Patho cardio Flashcards
ethnicities in aktr shi - a2al shi bil hypertension
AA > caucasian > asian
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis histology
it has ____ cell proliferation?
fibrinoid necrosis and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
we see smooth msucle cell proliferation
what layers are involved in Monkeberg sclerosis ? which is not involved?
internal elastic lamina and tunica media.
tunica intima is not involved
arteriolar rarefraction
loss of arterioles due to chronic HTN –> they close off and gets absorbed
obesity can lead to what heart failurre
diastolic HF
hyperplastic hypertension can lead to ____________( shi khaso bi anemia)
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
RF of thoracic abdominal aneurysm
Connective tissue
bicuspid
HTN
histologically ( syphilus)
what layer madrube bil aortic dissection?
intima
dipyridamole and regadenoson are
vasodilators
T wave inversion seen in
T wave hyperacute
inversion with depresssion
hyperacute with elevation
what do we treat prinzmetal with
CCB, nitrates and smoking cessation
marfan histology shows
cystic medial degeneration with basket weaven
SCD bado wykun within
1 hour of symptoms
pericarditis we give
aspirin
0-4 hours MI :
4-12 hr
12-24
0-4 :normal myocardium( myofibril relaxation)
4-12: elongated myocyte( wavy)
12-24: hypereosinophilia
3 examples of unstable plaques
HIGH CORE OF lipids
thin fibrous capsule
active inflammation
v1-v3 ST elevation think
v1-v3 ST depression think
elevation : brugada
PDA infarct . do right EKG and check V7-V9
Brugada : inheritance? EKG findings ? ethnicity ? complications? treatment?
Asian pseudoright bundle branch block with V1-V3 ST elevation arythmias and SCD AD prevent through ICD
Fixed coronary artery stenosis . limits blood supply
stable angina is a mismatch of O2 supplyy and demand
ventricular pseudoaneurysm is most common in what type of infarction?
Anterior
AL and PM pappillary muscle supply
AL : dual from LAD and LCX
whilesingle blood supply PM : only from RCA or from LCX
true ventricular aneurysm
outward bulges with contraction( dyskinesia ) associated with fibrosis
Dilated CM : mutations
Xlinked: dystrophin gene
AD :truncating titin( TTN gene)
+ the others
treatment of HCM
what not to give
CCB , beta blockers , ICD ( do not give diuretics krml bekhef el preload and this is worse) . do not give digoxin ( increase obstructing force)
HCM 3 main problems
LVOT
arythmias
mitral regurge
Hydralazine with nitrate therapy in HF
improves symptoms and mortality in select patients ( who cannot toletaye ACE and ARB)
ANP causes :
via what
what drug increase ANP?
via cGMP
1) vasodilation
2) natriusis ( dilates afferent and constrict efferent)
3) inhibit renin
4) inhibit sodium reabsorption from PCT
sacubtril ( inhibit neprilysin that breaks down ANP
decrease preload and decrease afterload
aschoff bodies are
granuloma with giant cells
anitschow cells
enlarged macrophages with ovoid wavy rod like nucleus
tertiary syphilus :
distrupts vaso vasorum with atrophy vessel wall and dilation of aorta and aortic ring
tree bark appearnce
syphilus
cardiac tamponade keef el extemeties and the lungs
cool extremities and clear lungs
myxoma : act like what kind of murmer
histology?
mitral stenosis (early diastolic tumor plop sound)
high vascularity –> high area of hemorrhage ( hemosiderin laden macrophage)
gelatinous material, myxomatous cells in GAG
rhabdomyoma usually affect what chamber of heart ? histology?
ventricles
hemartomatous growths
constrictive pericarditis occurs after
weeks or months of acute pericarditis
pericardial knock seen in
constrictive pericarditis
myocarditis can lead to :
1) Heart block
2) Thrombus
3) dilated cardiomyopathy
4) HF
carcinooid tumor lead to what kind of valvular patholigies
why limited honeke?
tricuspid regurge and pulmonary stenosis
le2ano fe monoamine oxidase in pulmonary vascular endothelium that limits it there
limban sacks - SLE which valves ? what murmer
mitral and aortic
mitral regurge aktr shi in SLE especially on both sides fe vegetations
despoition of sterile platlet thrombi
what is the most valve frequenctly involved in endocarditis ?
mitral valve
bacteria associated with endocarditis
staph, pseudomona, candida
coxiella - bartonella - HACEK ( haemphilus , aggregatibactermm cardiobacterrium, eikenella , kingellla )
Note strep vidrians vs. staph in endocarditis
staph can destroy the valve and even erode the myocardium
strep viridna slow virulence . does not erode valve. trap baceria on damaged endothelial valves
what malignancy lead to endocarditis
adenocarcinoma ( mucinous adeno)
aortocavitary fistula
happens in endocarditis with staph aureus when the infection extends from the valve to adjacent myocardium( like RV)
transmural inflammation with fibrnoid necrosis senn in
PAN
takayaso is a ____ disease
pulseless disase
perforation of nasal septum with what vasculitis
wegner
which vasculitis has wrist / foot drop
Churg strauss
whhich has superficial nodular phlebitis
buerger
where do we see innumerable renal microaneurysms and spasms on arteriogram
polyarteritis nodosum
pericarditis on EKG :
diffuse ST elevation +/- PR depression
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis affect what layer
intima ( smooth muscle proliferation) onion skinning
