Cardio Flashcards
Phospholamban increase or decrease leads to contractility ?
decrease ( its phosphorylation leads to its inactivation
contractility depends on 2 entities
size of the inward current I
amount of Ca from previous beats
lysitropy
myocardial relaxation
Verapamil is nondihydro or dihydro?
non-dihydro
increase in afterload will lead to increase in wall _____.sho besir to decrease hal increase
wall tension
heart hypertrophies to decrease the wall tension
how is afterload approximated?
MAP
increase or decrease in extracellular Na will lead to contractility
decrease . krml el Na/Ca channel . less na out. less na rah eyfut so less Ca rah yedhar
flow
pressure/resistance = V x A
lowest flow velocity is found in what vessels?
cappillary (because they have the highest surface area)
compliance formula
C = V/P
when we are measuring the Pul wedge pressure ka2ano we are measuring the
LAP
parasympathetic innervation of the heart is to?
atria
dromotropic
conduction
frank starling
increase in volume –> increase in ventricular muscle fiber –> increase in developed tension
period of highesr O2 consumption in the pressure-volume loop/
isovolumetric contraction
S3 in a young individual is
normal in children- young adults - and pregnant woman
S4 in elderly individual is
always abnormal regardless of the age of the patient.
the y descent sho fe pathologies
prominent in constrictive pericarditis and absent in cardiac tamponade .
clamping of abdominal artery lead to
increase afterload
what 2 things increase TPR and what decrease TPR
and what is shift shape like ( clock)
increase TPR : vasopressors - clockwise
decrease TPR : exercise and AV shunt - counterclockwise
can we determine easily the RAP in decrease or increase in TPR ? without using the graph? why
No le2ano masalan , increase in TPR –> decrease CO -> increase RAP
increase in TPR –> decrease in VR –> deccrease RAP
so we cannot expct this , we need the graph
what happens to the split in left bundle branch block
eliminated in inspiration.
paradoxical in expiration
where do we hear the flow murmer and aortic valve sclerosis( area of ascultation)
aortic area
flow murmur can be heard kamen pulmonary area
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : systolic murmer where do we here it
left sternal border
ventral septal defect heard at
ASD heart at
tricuspid
pulmonary area
more blood leads to earlier or later onset of MVP ?
later
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmer
cresesendo - descendo systolic murmer
S4 murmer
infective endocarditis can lead to what murmer
MR - AR
bicuspid aortic valve can lead to what type of murmers
aortic regurge
aortic stenosis
a stenosis in a diastolic murmur leads to awal ma etbalesh el murmer sho besamu7a
a stenosis in a systolic murmur sho besamu7a
opening snap–> diastolic
ejection click –> systolic
decrease interval in MS between S2 and OS correlates with
increased severity
PDA : loudest at which point in murmer and where is it heart
at the S2 and heard at left infraclavicular area .
hada 3ndo dysphagia / hoarsness + murmer . sho mnfaker
mitral stenosis
what murmer can predispose you to infective endocarditis
MVP
pulsus pavus and tardus
AS
TR most commonly caused by
RV dilatation
inspiratiorn increase what heart murmers. why?
right. since it decrease intrathoracic pressure that increaes venous return but decreases LVR le2ano decrease in intrathoracic pressure increase pulmonary capacitance
what the are 2 congenital QT syndromes?
Romano ( AD) ; pure cardiac phenotype- KCN2 ( khaso bil K receptors leading to a prolonged QT
Lange : sensorineural deficit ( LQ1 and LQ2)
PR of WPW is
shorteneed
u wave seen in
hypukalemia and bradycardia
what disease causes third degree complete block?
lyme disease
Afib causes
hypertension
CAD
mitral regurge
Atrial natriuretic peptide acts via
cGMP
anp act on which part of the kidney tubules?
renal collecting tubule
Holiday heart syndrome
ingestion of high amounts of alcohol can lead to arrhythmias
what is cushing reflex
Hypertension - bradycardia - resp depression
starts with increase in intracranial pressure –> cerebral vessel constrict –> cerebral ischemia –> PCO2 increase –> trigger the central sympathetic to increase perfusion pressure so byeshte8el el sympathetic –. increase stretch leads to actiivation of peripheral baroreceptors –> induced bradycardia
PCWP is approximatly equal to ?
RAP ( 4-12) and LV DP ( diastolic pressure)
In normal case . which is more in cappillary , filtration or absorption?
filtration more common w el ele bedal bedal bara bruh through lymph .
what is the most important mechanism for temperature control ?
sympathetic stimulation
kidney autoregulation
myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback
what affects skeletal muscle local metabolites
CHALK
co2
h plus - adenosis - lactate - K plus
Supra-ventricular have QRS that are ?
eza balashet men tahet el AV node keef bekuno el QRS
SVT : narrow
tahet el AV node : wide
Myofibril relaxation happens after ??
Hypereosinophilia of MI
30 mins
4 hours
when do we say that something is a cardiomyopathy
it is when there is a primary dysfunction to the heart tisssue.
y3ni hypertension, CAD , ischemic heart disease hole manon cardiomyopathies. le2ano changes are 2nd to shi 3am besir
