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1. PPS Board Prep_Mar > PULMO > Flashcards

PULMO Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma (4)

A
  1. Airway hyperresponsiveness or hyperreactivity
  2. Bronchoconstriction
  3. Airway wall inflammation
  4. Mucus hypersecretion
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2
Q

Definitive test for cough variant asthma

A

Peak Flow test w bronchial provocation
>20% increase or more - positive

> Bronchodilator challenge: can be diagnostic and therpaeutic
if FEV1 increase =>12% or more - positive

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3
Q

Major immunoglobulin in the respi tract?

A

IgA

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4
Q

Light’s criteria (3)

A

PLL
1. Protein >3.0g; PF/Serum CHON ratio: >0.5
2. PF LDH >200IU/L
3. PF/Serum LDH >0.6

pH of <7.2 = exudative

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5
Q

Indications for chest tube thoracostomy (4)

A
  1. pH <7.2
  2. PF glucose <50
  3. clearly purulent fluid
  4. (+) organism on gram stain
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6
Q

Lab determination of chylothorax (3)

A
  1. Pleural fluid trigly >110mg/dL
  2. PF:S trigly ratio >1.0
  3. PF:S chole ration <1.0
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7
Q

Carboxyhgb level presenting w memory loss, hallucination and imminent cardiovascular collapse?

A

40-60%

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8
Q

Carboxyhgb level presenting w coma and seizures?

A

61-70%

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9
Q

Immediately fatal level of carboxyhgb?

A

> 80%

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10
Q

Indications for tonsillectomy. (3)

A

With documented histories of GAS infection.
1. at least >7 in the previous year or
2. at least > 5 in each of the previous 2 yrs or
3. at least >3 in each of the previous 3 yrs

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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE. Removal of tonsils results in major immunologic deficiency.

A

FALSE

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12
Q

Peak incidence of Retropharyngeal abscess?

A

3-4yrs
> because lymph nodes begin to involute by 5 yo

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13
Q

Sinuses in order of ascending appearances

A

Birth: Maxillary and ethmoid
Maxillary pneumatized at 4yo
Sphenoid: 5th yr of life
Facial: 7-8yo

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14
Q

Difference between Viral and Bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Bacterial pharyngitis – ABSENCE of prodrome

Prodrome sx:
> Cough
> Coryza
> Hoarseness
> Conjunctivitis

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15
Q

McIsaac scoring for GAS (5)

A

FAACCS
1. Fever >38degC
2. Age 3-14y
3. Absence of cough
4. anterior CLAD
5. tonsillar Swelling/exudates

If =>4– do testing for GAS

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16
Q

MC cause of epiglottitis in children?
Prophylaxis and indication?

A

H. influenza B

Rifampicin 20mg/kg OD x4days
> Age <12mos without primary vaccination
> Age <4yo with incomplete immunization
> Immunocompromised child

17
Q

MC cause of UAO in children
MC etiology

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis
Parainfluenza

18
Q

Clinical finding on Xray, and what Xray view?
1. Croup
2. Epiglottitis

A
  1. Croup
    > AP CXR: steeple sign
  2. Epiglottitis
    > Lateral NECK Xray: thumb sign
19
Q

Croup vs Spasmodic croup?

A

Spasmodic croup- NO Fever

20
Q

MC cause of bacterial tracheitis?

A

S. aureus

21
Q

Common location for foreign body aspiration?

A

Right main bronchus:
> wider and straighter

22
Q

MC cause of bronchiolitis.
Peak age?

A

RSV
> infancy, 1-2yo, peak 6-12mos
> TWR
1. Tachypnea
2. Wheezes
3. Retractions

23
Q

MC etiology of neonatal pneumonia

A

GBS

24
Q

MC cause of pleural effusion in neonates

A

Chylothorax

25
Q

Characteristic feature in pleural fluid of TB effusion?

A

Pleural fluid CHON >5g/dL

26
Q

Mediastinal shift ipsilateral to the lesion: Pneumothorax or atelectasis?

A

Atelectasis

27
Q

MC etiology of bronchitis

A

Adenovirus

28
Q

MC cause of chronic or persistent cough in children.

Nelsons Chp 401, pg 2161

A

airway hyperreactivity (asthma)

29
Q

At what age are infants are at greatest risk for developing SIDS?

A

1-4mos
> most deaths occur at 6mos

30
Q

Which sleeping position has been shown to increase risk of SIDS?

Prone or supine?

A

Prone and side-lying

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. Swaddling infants or wrapping them in a blanket reduces risk of SIDS.

A

FALSE

> Wearable blankets are an acceptable alternative

32
Q

MC cause of childhood nasal poypois

A

Cystic fibrosis

33
Q

Diagnosis of sinusitis requires how many criteria?

A

2 major OR 1 Major and =>2 Minor

34
Q

Treatment of acute uncomplicated bacterial sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin 45mkday BID, 7-10days
Alternative: Cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime or cefixime.

> Azithromycin and TMP-SMX - NO LONGER RECOMMENDED BECAUSE OF HIGH PREVALENCE OF ABX RESISTANCE

35
Q
A

1. PPS Board Prep_Mar (16 decks)

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