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1. PPS Board Prep_Mar > NEURO-DEV > Flashcards

NEURO-DEV Flashcards

1
Q

Drug of choice: ABSENCE SEIZURE

A

Ethosuximade or Valproate
2nd line: Clonazepam, Clobazam, Acetazolamide

peak is 4-10yo
mostly females

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2
Q

Drug of choice: JUVENILE MYOCLONIC SEIZURE

A

Valproate
2nd line: Levetiracetam,
LIFESTYLE CHANGES - Regulate sleep-wake cycle

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3
Q

Most common: Idiopathic childhood focal epilepsy

A

ROLANDIC EPILEPSY
- Focal epilepsy
- self-limited
- Previously called BECTS
- centro-temporal spikes

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4
Q

TRIAD of Dandy Walker Syndrome

A
  1. Cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle
  2. Hypoplasia of the cerebellum
  3. Enlargement of the posterior fossa
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5
Q

Myelomeningocele + Hydrocephalus =

A

Chiari Type II

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6
Q

4 obligatory criteria for MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES

A
  1. A Primary myopathy
  2. Has a Genetic basis
  3. Course is progressive
  4. Degeneration and death of muscle fibers occur in some stage in the disease
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7
Q

DOC Rolandic Epilepsy

A

Carbamazepine or VPA
peak is 7-10yo
mostly males

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8
Q

Characteristic imaging for MESIO-TEMPORAL LOBE WITH HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS (mTLE)

A

MRI: layer of atrophy in the Hippocampus
> FOCAL seizures

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9
Q

Epilepsy occuring at sleep (near sleep onset or near awakening)

A

Rolandic Epilepsy

(Ayaw matulog ni Roland)

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10
Q

Treatment for mTLE

A

Na channel blockers (Carbamazepine) or Levetiracetam (SV2A blockers)

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11
Q

Brachial plexus defect: Waiter’s tip deformity nerve affected

A

C5, 6
> Erb palsy

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12
Q

Characteristic finding on EEG for West Syndrome

A

Hypsarrhythmia
> Diffue high voltage slow activity associated with diffuse multifocal spikes in wakefulness

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13
Q

Major risk factors for Febrile Seizures recurrence

A
  1. Young age at onset <1yr
  2. Duration of fever <24hrs
  3. Fever 38-29degC
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14
Q

Most severe form of epileptic encephalopathies

A

Dravet Syndrome
- Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
- Males > Females
- onset is 6-15mos
- Presentatiopn: Febrile seizures

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15
Q

Triggers of Dravet Syndrome

A
  1. Fever
  2. Fatigue
  3. Photophobia
  4. Pattern sensitivity
  5. Exercise
  6. Excitement
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16
Q

Normal Flow of CSF

A

Come Let’s Migrate To States For Money Love Sex Ahh

Choroid Plexus > Lateral ventricle > foramen Monroe > Third ventricle > aqueduct of Sylvius > Foramen of Magendie > Luschka > Arachnoid villi

17
Q

Most prominent sign of Dravet syndrome

A

Hypotonia (esp in 1st yr of life)

18
Q

Ophthalmic findings in Aicardi syndrome

A

Chorioretinal lacuna in fundoscopy

19
Q

Mobius syndrome: Agenesis of CN __

A

CN VII

20
Q

Side effect of Valproic Acid

A

Hepatotoxic
Teratogenic
Weight gain

21
Q

Klumpke palsy

A

C8-T1
> poor grip
> intrinsic hand muscles are affected
> claw hand

22
Q

Spinal Muscular Atrophy vs. Muscular Dystrophy

A

SMA:
> CK levels are normal or slightly elevated
> EMV: neuropathic changes

23
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome
> Other name
> Features (3)

A

Acute Inflamnatory Demyelinating Polyradiculopathy

  1. Motor weakness:
    - ASCENDING
    - SYMMETRIC
    - DISTAL > PRXIMAL
  2. Areflexia
  3. Sensory symptoms: pain, paresthesia
24
Q

Most common cause of unilateral/bilateral ptosis

A

Myasthenia Gravis

25
Q

Hydrocephalus vs hydrancephaly

A

Hydrocephalus - accumulation of CSF

Hydrancephaly- absent cerebral hemispheres

26
Q

MC form of craniosynostosis

A

Scaphocelphaly
> Premature closure of sagittal sutures
> long and narrow skull
> M>F

Frontal plagiocephaly
> 2nd MC
> unilateral flattening of the forehead
> F>M

27
Q

Hallmark of neurofibromatosis

A

Cafe au lait macules (CALMs)

28
Q

Hypomelanotic macules and elevated, rough plaques of skin with a predilection for the lumbar and gluteal regions that develop in late childhood or early adolescence are seen in what neurocutaneous disease?

A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Tuberous sclerosis
C. Neurofibromatosis
D. Sturge Weber Syndrome

A

B. Tuberous sclerosis

Ash leaf spots
> hypomelanotic macules

Shagreen patches
> elevated, rough plaques of skin with a predilection for the lumbar and gluteal regions that develop in late childhood or early adolescence

29
Q

Neurocutaneous disease w the ff features: port-wine stain, seizures, angiomas.

A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Tuberous sclerosis
C. Neurofibromatosis
D. Sturge Weber Syndrome

A

D. Sturge Weber Syndrome

30
Q

NF1 vs NF2

A

No CALMs, seizures and axillary freckling in NF2

NF2: schwannomas

31
Q

Oscillating, rhythmic movements about a fixed point, axis, or plane

A. tremor
B. Tic
C. Chorea
D. Dystonia
E. Myoclonus
F. Athetosis

A

A. tremor

32
Q

Involuntary, sudden, rapid, abrupt, repetitive, nonrhythmic, simple or complex motor movements or
vocalizations (phonic productions).

A. tremor
B. Tic
C. Chorea
D. Dystonia
E. Myoclonus
F. Athetosis

A

B. Tic

33
Q

Involuntary, continual, irregular movements or movement fragments with variable rate and direction that
occur unpredictably and randomly.

A. tremor
B. Tic
C. Chorea
D. Dystonia
E. Myoclonus
F. Athetosis

A

C. Chorea

34
Q

Slow, writhing, continuous, involuntary movements

A. tremor
B. Tic
C. Chorea
D. Dystonia
E. Myoclonus
F. Athetosis

A

F. Athetosis

35
Q

MC degenerative ataxia

A

Ataxia telangiectasia

> autosomal recessive
starts 2yo
loss of ambulation by adol

36
Q

Most severe form of CP

A

Spastic quadriplegia

37
Q

MC neuropathologic finding on MRI in children w spastic diplegia

A. Periventricular leukomalacia
B. Multicystic encephalomalacia
C. Cortical malformation

A

Periventricular leukomalacia

38
Q

The hallmark of a neurodegenerative disease is __.

A

regression and progressive deterioration

of neurologic function with loss of speech, vision, hearing, or locomotion, often associated with seizures, feeding difficulties, and impairment of intellect.

1. PPS Board Prep_Mar (16 decks)

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