Pulm Questions From Practice Tests Flashcards
Fremitus and breath sounds:
Pleural effusion
Decreased breath sounds, decreased fremitus
Fremitus and breath sounds:
Pulmonary edema
Decreased breath sounds
Increased fremitus
Fremitus and breath sounds:
Consolidation
Decreased breath sounds, increased fremitus
Fremitus and breath sounds:
Atelectasis
Decreased breath sounds, increased fremitus
Pleural effusion: accumulation of fluid btw _________ of the membrane that lines the lungs and chest vanity
Layers
Abnormal lung pressures secondary to CHF is ______ pleural effusion
Transudative
_____ effusion is d/t inflammation of pleura caused by lung disease
Exudative
Pulmonary edema: accumulation of fluid in ______ ______.
Alveolar spaces
Consolidation: area of lung that is filled with ______. This might be edema, inflammation, pus, H2O or blood.
Fluid
Atelectasis: Absence of ____ in part of all of lung due to _______ of lung tissue
Gas
Collapse
When recovering from thoracic surgery, _______ is the best position for an effective cough
SITTING
Inspiration has to be > than tidal volume
MS question: what is the order of body positions from least pressure to most pressure on the lumbar spine
- Supine
- S/L
- Standing in anatomical position
- Standing with 45 deg hip flexion
- Sitting in chair with decreased lordosis
- Sitting in chair flexed forward
Breath sounds with pulmonary disease: crackles with inspiration and expiration may be due to what?
Impaired secretion clearance
Pleural effusion: breath sounds are _______, may hear pleural friction rub if pleural surfaces ______
Decreased over effusion
Inflamed
Bronchial breath sounds around perimeter
Pulmonary fibrosis: _____ lung disease
Changes to alveoli and lung architecture from inflamm process
Causes _____ and fibrotic lesions in lungs which result in ________ lung compliance, lung volumes, diffusing capacities, and
_____ pulm artery pressure, and work of breathing
_______ breath sounds
Restrictive Scarring Decreased Increased Decreased
Expire maximally after taking max inspiration is what?
Vital capacity
VC= IRV + TV + ERV
Normal calcium levels?
8.4 - 10.2 mg/dL
Normal potassium levels?
3.5 - 5 mEq/l
Normal magnesium levels?
1.5 - 2 mEq/L
Normal sodium levels?
135-145 mEq/L
The test, FEV1, is negative for airway obstruction in 99% without lung disease.
Does this have a good specificity or sensitivity?
SPECIFICITY
Specific: test is (-) for those without disease (-)
Sensitivity: test is (+) for those with the disease (+)
A patient who smoked 1-2 packs of cigarettes a day since 25 years old. Pt’s thorax is enlarged with costal margin flaring and wide costchondral angle. What does this patient have?
Emphysema
Increased total lung capacity (air trapping)
Barrel shaped
AP diameter enlarges
Sternum pushed forward
PFT for 44 year old with emphysema, unremarkable test. What lung volume will approximate 10% of pt’s TLC?
Tidal volume.
TLC= IRV + TV + ERV + RV TLC= 4000-6000 mL TV= 500 mL RV= 1000 mL
A woman having a pregnancy diagnostic test (amniocentesis, serum marker screening, and genetic screening, would be looking for what specific pulm disease?
CF - this is genetically inherited
Exocrine glads overproduce thick mucus that causes subsequent OBSTRUCTION
Autosomal recessive on long arm of chromosome 7
Testing would include chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis
