Pulm Questions From Practice Tests

Question 1

Fremitus and breath sounds:

Pleural effusion

Answer 1

Decreased breath sounds, decreased fremitus

Question 2

Fremitus and breath sounds:

Pulmonary edema

Answer 2

Decreased breath sounds

Increased fremitus

Question 3

Fremitus and breath sounds:

Consolidation

Answer 3

Decreased breath sounds, increased fremitus

Question 4

Fremitus and breath sounds:

Atelectasis

Answer 4

Decreased breath sounds, increased fremitus

Question 5

Pleural effusion: accumulation of fluid btw _________ of the membrane that lines the lungs and chest vanity

Answer 5

Layers

Question 6

Abnormal lung pressures secondary to CHF is ______ pleural effusion

Answer 6

Transudative

Question 7

_____ effusion is d/t inflammation of pleura caused by lung disease

Answer 7

Exudative

Question 8

Pulmonary edema: accumulation of fluid in ______ ______.

Answer 8

Alveolar spaces

Question 9

Consolidation: area of lung that is filled with ______. This might be edema, inflammation, pus, H2O or blood.

Answer 9

Fluid

Question 10

Atelectasis: Absence of ____ in part of all of lung due to _______ of lung tissue

Answer 10

Gas

Collapse

Question 11

When recovering from thoracic surgery, _______ is the best position for an effective cough

Answer 11

SITTING

Inspiration has to be > than tidal volume

Question 12

MS question: what is the order of body positions from least pressure to most pressure on the lumbar spine

Answer 12

1. Supine
2. S/L
3. Standing in anatomical position
4. Standing with 45 deg hip flexion
5. Sitting in chair with decreased lordosis
6. Sitting in chair flexed forward

Question 13

Breath sounds with pulmonary disease: crackles with inspiration and expiration may be due to what?

Answer 13

Impaired secretion clearance

Question 14

Pleural effusion: breath sounds are _______, may hear pleural friction rub if pleural surfaces ______

Answer 14

Decreased over effusion
Inflamed

Bronchial breath sounds around perimeter

Question 15

Pulmonary fibrosis: _____ lung disease
Changes to alveoli and lung architecture from inflamm process
Causes _____ and fibrotic lesions in lungs which result in ________ lung compliance, lung volumes, diffusing capacities, and
_____ pulm artery pressure, and work of breathing
_______ breath sounds

Answer 15

Restrictive
Scarring
Decreased
Increased
Decreased

Question 16

Expire maximally after taking max inspiration is what?

Answer 16

Vital capacity

VC= IRV + TV + ERV

Question 17

Normal calcium levels?

Answer 17

8.4 - 10.2 mg/dL

Question 18

Normal potassium levels?

Answer 18

3.5 - 5 mEq/l

Question 19

Normal magnesium levels?

Answer 19

1.5 - 2 mEq/L

Question 20

Normal sodium levels?

Answer 20

135-145 mEq/L

Question 21

The test, FEV1, is negative for airway obstruction in 99% without lung disease.

Does this have a good specificity or sensitivity?

Answer 21

SPECIFICITY

Specific: test is (-) for those without disease (-)
Sensitivity: test is (+) for those with the disease (+)

Question 22

A patient who smoked 1-2 packs of cigarettes a day since 25 years old. Pt’s thorax is enlarged with costal margin flaring and wide costchondral angle. What does this patient have?

Answer 22

Emphysema

Increased total lung capacity (air trapping)
Barrel shaped
AP diameter enlarges
Sternum pushed forward

Question 23

PFT for 44 year old with emphysema, unremarkable test. What lung volume will approximate 10% of pt’s TLC?

Answer 23

Tidal volume.

TLC= IRV + TV + ERV + RV
TLC= 4000-6000 mL
TV= 500 mL
RV= 1000 mL

Question 24

A woman having a pregnancy diagnostic test (amniocentesis, serum marker screening, and genetic screening, would be looking for what specific pulm disease?

Answer 24

CF - this is genetically inherited
Exocrine glads overproduce thick mucus that causes subsequent OBSTRUCTION
Autosomal recessive on long arm of chromosome 7
Testing would include chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis

Question 25

Intermittent compression is contraindicated in what pulmonary disease?

Answer 25

Pulmonary edema - can increase stress on heart from peripheral to central.

Question 26

To prevent alveolar collapse in pt after thoracic surgery, you can use an _____ ______, which will increase the amount of air inspired

Answer 26

Incentive spirometer