Medical Management Flashcards
What is a pneumonectomy?
Removal of a lung
What is a lobectomy?
Removal of a lobe of a lung
What is a segmental resection?
Removal of a segment of a lobe
What is a wedge resection?
Removal of a portion of a lung without anatomical divisions
What is a lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) or pneumectomy?
Removes large emphysematous, non-functioning areas of the lung to normalize thoracic mobility and improve gas exchange of remaining lung
Sternum cut in half lengthwise and rib cage retracted.
What is this incision?
When is it used?
PT should focus on what?
- Midsternotomy
- Used in most heart surgeries
- Since wired shut at completion, PT should encourage full UE ROM post-op
What is a thoracotomy? (incision location)
What is it used for?
PT should focus on?
- follows path of 4th intercostal space
- lung resection
- full ROM post-op
What are rescue drugs vs. maintenance drugs?
Rescue: used for immediate relief of breakthrough symptoms of tightness, wheezing, and SOB.
Maintenance: taken on a regular schedule to maintain optimal A/W diameter
What do short-acting beta-2 agonists act as?
Rescue or maintenance?
Sympathomimetics
Rescue
How do short-acting beta-2 agonists work?
Effects on BP and HR?
Mimic activity of sympathetic NS, produce bronchodilaton-
Can increase BP and HR
How are rescue drugs administered?
Given topically through metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
Reduces unwanted systemic effects
Ventolin (albuterol)
Alupent (metaproterenol)
Maxair (pirbuterol)
Beta-2 agonists
Long-acting beta 2 agonists act as?
Rescue or maintenance?
Sympathomimetics
Maintenance
How do long-acting beta-2 agonists work?
Mimic activity of sympathetic NS, allowing for bronchodilaton
Serevent (salmeterol xinafoate)
Long-acting beta-2 agonist
What are anticholinergics?
Rescue or maintenance?
- Inhibit parasympathetic nervous system
- Increase HR, BP, bronchodilaton
- Maintenance
What are side effects of anticholinergics?
Dry mouth, delusions, lack of sweating
Atrovent (iptatropium)
Anticholinergic
Methylxanthines- what do they do?
Maintenance or rescue?
- Produce smooth muscle relaxation
- Limited due to serious toxicity, increased BP, increased HR, GI distress, arrhythmias, nervousness, headache, seizures
- Maintenance
Aminophylline, theophylline
Methylxanthines
Leukotrine receptor agonist- what does it do?
rescue or maintenance?
Maintenance
- blocks leukotrines released in allergic rxns
- inhibits a/w edema and smooth muscle contraction
Leukotrine receptor agonist- added benefit when used with
Other anti-inflammatories
Montelukast (singulair)
Leukotrine receptor agonist
Chromolyn sodium- what is it?
Maintenance or rescue
Maintenance
- antiallergic drug
- prevents release of mast cells (histamine)
