Pulm Micro Flashcards
Contaminated rice Heat-stable toxin: vomiting Heat-labile toxin - diarrhea preformed toxin Gram +
bacillus cereus
Gram + rod in chains forms spores Toxins: EF - adenylate cyclase LF - zinc metalloprotease PA - binds the other two & host swelling of mediastinal lymph nodes shock & death prevention is by animal vaccination
B anthracis
“wool-sorter’s disease”
Gram - coccobacillus typically in unvaccinated child promotion of mucus production by toxin increase of cAMP inhibition of macrophage kills ciliated epithelium "whooping cough"
bordetella pertussis
A-B toxin Gram + rod cysteine agar A-B toxin: terminates host protein synthesis by inactivation of elongation factor (EF2) formation of pseudomembrane on tonsils
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Gram + filamentous (resembles fungi)
“sulfur granules”
skin infections, cervicofacial infections
abscesses with draining sinus tracts
Actinomyces
Gram + filamentous
weakly acid-fast
bronchopulmonary infections can spread &
forms mycetoma (chronic subcutaneous infection with multiple draining sinus tracts), especially in immunocompromised patients (T cell deficiency as in AIDS)
Nocardia
Gram - coccobacillus requires X & V factors chocolate agar epiglottitis meningitis in unvaccinated child
Haemophilus
Hib vaccine
Gram - coccobacillus catalase + charcoal yeast agar + cysteine & iron grows in lukewarm standing water sources and then becomes aerosolized Atypical pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila
no cell wall
causes walking pneumonia = atypical pneumonia
resistant to beta lactams (no cell wall)
+ cold agglutinin
adhesin binds ciliated epithelium & promote inflammation & cytokine release
mycoplasma pneumoniae
pulmonary & disseminated disease in AIDS patients
acid-fast
contamination of water or food
patchy nodular infiltrates
Cavitary disease in males with underlying disease
Lady Windermere syndrome from cough suppression (elderly females)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
acid-fast stain
Ziehl-Neelsen
causes otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Thin Gram - bacillus blue-green pigment fruity smell flagella strict aerobe opportunistic disease in burn patients, & colonizes CF patients (often resistant)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram + diplococci IgA protease adhesins capsule causes pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia, meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(-) ss RNA virus that is second most common cause of bronchiolitis
metapneumovirus
(-) ssRNA virus
causes croup
parainfluenza virus
(-) ssRNA virus
very contagious
major cause of bronchiolitis in small children
forms syncytia
RSV
(-) RNA virus carried by deer mouse inhalation of rodent urine interstitial edema, pulmonary edema death within a few days
Sir Hombre hantavirus
ds DNA virus
E1a protein binds p53 and E1b binds p105RB (cellular growth suppressors) & promotes growth
lytic, latent in lymphoid & adenoid tissue
acute febrile pharyngitis
conjunctivitis
pop: military recruits
adenovirus
(+) ss RNA virus
glycoproteins form a halo
(__ wear crowns or better not look at the sun but rather look at the stars)
high fever,chills, rigors, breathing difficulties
coronavirus
rhinocerebral zygomycosis infection that originates in the paranasal sinuses and ocular orbit in diabetic ketoacidosis
can rapidly spread to the palate & brain
black nasal discharge
rhizopus & mucor
(+) ssRNA virus
multiplies in nasal & conjunctival mucosa
causes common cold
self-limited because of IgA
rhinovirus
Used to treat pneumocystis jiroveci
TMP-SMX
dimorphic fungi causes disease in healthy people endemic to MS River Valley disseminated infection in immunocompromised BBB = Broad Based Budding
Blastomyces dermatitidis
orthomyxovirus (-) ssRNA binds to sialic acid-containing proteins enters host cell in a coated vesicle and has M2 proteins that help acidification & viral uncoating NA = viral release from cell HA = viral attachment protein segmented genome allows for new strains
influenza virus
rimantadine and amantadine target M2
forms spherule
coccidioides immitis
