Immunology

Question 1

cytokines that downregulate macrophages

Answer 1

TFG-ß IL-10 IL-1

Question 2

macrophage proinflammatory factors

Answer 2

GM-CSF TNF-alpha IFN IL-12 T cell growth factors: IL-1 and IL-6

Question 3

What recruits neutrophils and eosinophils to the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 3

macrophages

Question 4

macrophage enzymes that degrade ECM & amplify inflammatory response

Answer 4

collagenase, elastase, cathpsins

Question 5

Where is NALT mostly found?

Answer 5

middle concha

Question 6

What is MALT?

Answer 6

lymphoid tissue that is comprised of:

1. intraepithelial lymphocytes
2. diffuse lamina propria lymphocytes
3. organized B cell follicles
4. M cells for sampling lumen and transferring antigens to APCs

Question 7

What is PAF and its role in inflammation?

Answer 7

attracts leukocytes

amplifies production of lipid mediators

activates neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets

Question 8

What is intrinsic asthma?

Answer 8

asthma not triggered by allergens but rather exercise, cold air and pollutants

Question 9

Components of Type I hypersensitivity?

Answer 9

○ Immediate hypersensitivity
○ Caused by IgE antibodies specific to environmental antigens and mast cells
○ Allergic and atopic disorders are subtypes
TH2 helper T cells stimulate production of IgE and inflammation
IgE and IgM can activate complement system, recruit inflammatory cells, and interfere with normal cellular functions, causing tissue injury

Question 10

Type of hypersensitivity involving antibodies reacting to cell surface or ECM antigens

Answer 10

Type II hypersensitivity

Question 11

type of hypersensitivity involving immune complex deposition, especially in blood vessels and tissues, causing injury

Immune complexes interact with neutrophils

complement & Fc receptor-mediated recruitment & activation of leukocytes

Answer 11

Type III hypersensitivity

Question 12

T cell mediated hypersensitivity

recruitment and activation of leukocytes

associated with granuloma formation

Answer 12

type IV hypersensitivity

Question 13

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 13

contact sensitivity (eczema, poison ivy, heavy metals, chemicals)

intradermal (PPD, lepromin)

Granuloma (persistent antigen or foreign body presence (TB, leprosy)

Question 14

What role does alveolar macrophage serve?

Answer 14

transfers antigen to dendritic cells

produce cytokines for DC maturation

Question 15

What is another name for extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

Answer 15

hypersensitivity pneumonitis