Pulm Flashcards
Asthma
Def: bronchospasm of lungs causing reversible airway obstruction
SS: Weeze cough dyspnea chest tightness FEV1/FVC will return with bronchodilator
Eval:
spirometry
Txt:
SABA (albuterol 2 puffs q4-6 hrs)
SABA + low-dose ICS (fluticasone 110 mcg bid)
SABA + low-dose ICS + LABA (salmeterol)
COPD
Def: emphysema & bronchitis
SS: pink puffer (emphysema) - dyspnea quiet lungs thin barrel chest hyperventilating
blue bloater (bronchitis) - productive cough rhonchi/wheeze peripheral edema overweight cyanotic
Eval:
spirometry
Txt: anticholinergic (tiotropium - 18 mcg DPI qd) fluticasone albuterol prednisone
Pneumonia
Def: inflammation of lung parenchyma (LRTI)
SS: cough and sputum fever chest pain dyspnea rales PORT CURB-65 (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure)
Eval:
WBC
CBC
CXR shows lobular infiltrates
Txt:
Azithromycin 500 mg, 250 mg 2-5 days
inpatient - levofloxacin
Pulmonary Embolus
Def: clot causing loss of blood to part of lung
SS: chest pain dyspnea hemoptysis tachypnea edema
Eval: CBC EKG-S1Q3T3 CT V/Q D-dimer Wells criteria
Txt:
supportive
heparin
Pertussis
Def: excessive coughing with forced inspiratory causing whoop sound
SS:
viral URI - fever, nose, eye
cough with inspiratory whoop
Eval:
Culture
PCR
Serology
Txt:
erythromycin 500 mg po q6h x 14 days
Influenza
Def: viral infection
SS: fever chills body aches cough HA
Eval:
clinical
Txt:
Tamiflu - 75 mg bid x 5 days
Pleural effusion
Def: fluid accumulation between visceral and parietal pleura
SS:
dyspnea
Eval:
CXR shows loss of costovertebral angle and Kerley B lines;
Light’s criteria to determine transudate vs exudate
txt:
thoracentesis
Pneumothorax
Def: air in lung space
SS:
dyspnea
cough
chest pain
Eval:
CXR
hyperresonance on percussion
Txt:
oxygen
chest tube
Pleuritis
Def: inflammation of pleura
SS:
chest pain
SOB
cough
Eval: CXR CBC pulse ox exclusion
Txt:
NSAID
TB
Def: infection in lungs that can lie dorminant
SS: cough hemoptysis chest pain night sweats fever
Eval:
TST
Quantiferon
Txt:
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Respiratory acidosis/alkolosis
acid:
ph less than 7.35
CO2 greater than 45
HCO3 22 -26
alkolosis:
ph greater than 7.45
CO2 less than 35
HCO3 22-26
Metabolic acidosis/alkolosis
acid:
ph less than 7.35
CO2 35-45
HCO3 less than 22
alkolosis:
ph greater than 7.45
CO2 35-45
HCO3 greater than 26
Acute Bronchitis
Def: inflammation of bronchi
SS: cough with purulent sputum nose fever muscle aches dyspnea wheeze
Eval:
clinical
Txt:
supportive
