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SAPE > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Allergy summary

A 
SS:
reaction within 3-4 hours
rhinitis
asthma
atopic dermatitis
Txt:
Diet
Diphenhydramine, 4 mg/kg/a6hr
Epi Pen
child education
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2
Q

Infantile Acne

A

Who:2-4 weeks of life

S/s:
pink, small papules

Tx:
time/reassurance

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3
Q

Miliaria Rubra ( Heat Rash)

A

Who:Infants and adults

S/s:
covered areas
flexural areas
clear vesicles on an erythematous base

Tx:
symptomatic
avoid over heating

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4
Q

Erythema Toxicum

A

who: *neonates in the first 24-48 hours of life

S/S:
1-4mm central vesicle or pustule over large, blotchy erythematous base

Tx:
reassurance

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5
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A

Who: rare with adequate vaccination

S/s:
High fever
cough
coryza
conjunctivitis
prodromal symptoms that persist during the rash
starts on face and spreads out but still remains on face

Tx:
close monitoring
symptomatic

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6
Q

Rubella (German Measles)

A

Who: rare with adequate vaccination

S/s:
rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk and extremities but the *face clears up; mild viral illness with tender lymphadenopathy

TX:
symptomatic

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7
Q

Roseola

A

Who: children under 2

S/s:
predominately on the trunk
High fever disappears before rash
faint blanchable pink maculopapules which coalesce

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8
Q

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth’s disease)

A

Who: school aged

S/s:
after prodrome, child feels better but rash erupts on face (slapped cheek) and extremities
SPARES hands and feet
lacy and caolesces

Tx:
reassurance
symptomatic

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9
Q

Coxsackievirus (hand, foot, and mouth)

A

Who: children under 10

S/s:
rash or spots appear on hands and feet
parent complains child doesn’t want to eat and just doesn’t feel well

Tx:
symptomatic

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10
Q

Jaundice

A

SS:
yellow skin
yellow sclera

Eval:
coomb’s test

Tx:
phototherapy

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11
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down Syndrome

SS:
hypotonia
hyperflexibility
excess skin on back of neck
flat facies
simian crease
cardiac abnormalities
low IQ

Txt:
supportive

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12
Q

Voiding dysfunction summary

A 
Enuresis - refers to a repeated inability to control urination
- Primary : never achieved control
- Secondary : control for at least 6 months
Mild
- pollakiura
- giggle incontinence
- vaginal reflux
Moderate
- lazy bladder
- unstable bladder
Severe
- hinman syndrome

Eval:UA/UC
RUS
cystogram

Txt:
motivation
DDVAPT
ofranil
time voiding
conditioned response therapy
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13
Q

Kawasaki disease summary

A

Def: mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or infantile polyarteritis

SS:
microvasculitis
fever > 5 days
peripheral extremity changes
polymorphous rash
oropharyngeal changes
bilateral, nonexudative painless conjunctival infection
Eval:
elevated ESR/CRP
2 urine proteins
Platlets > 450,000
pyuria
ALT > 50
albumin
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14
Q

Leukemia summary

A

Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia MC

SS:
fever
bleeding
bone pain
lymphadenopathy
Eval:
CBC diff
clotting tests
metabolic panel
Uric acid
LP
bone marrow biopsy
US

Txt:
meds

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15
Q

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip summary

A

Def: disorders of sublet, dislocation

SS:
painless limp
short leg

Eval:
Barlow/Orotoni exam

Txt:
Observe
harness or casting

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16
Q

Legg-Calve Perthes summary

A

Def: avascular necrosis of femoral head

SS:
pain in hip with limp
painless limp
externally rotated leg
mild atrophy of thigh
Eval:
CBC
ESR
AP/frog-leg lateral X-rays pelvis
MRI

Txt:
bed rest
bracing or surgery

17
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis summary

A

Def: MC hip disorder in adolescent

SS:
obesity
limp no known trauma
externally rotated leg
flexed leg will externally rotate

Eval:
AP/frog-leg lateral x-rays

Txt:
hospitalization
surgery

18
Q

ADHD

A

def: combo of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention that affects functioning in cognitive, academic, behavioral, emotional, and social

Eval:
look at criteria

Tx:
combo of meds, behavioral, and educational
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Daytrana patch)
Amphetamine (Dexedrine tabs, Vyvanse, Adderall)

19
Q

Autism

A

Cognitive differences: theory of mind, implicit learning and nonverbal sensitivity

S/s:
poor social skills
rigid and inflexible adherence to routines
preoccupation with parts of an object or particular subject
sensory issues (can’t block out stimuli, hypersensitivity, fine motor problems, gross motor problems)

Dgx:
interview
medical workup
psych assessment

Tx: 
social skills training
peer training
communication and conversational training
behavioral management
academic and educational support
tx of comorbid issues
No meds tx autism
20
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

concentric hypertrophy of pyloric muscle

S/s:
progressive projectile, non bilious vomiting eventually with every feeding
dehydration
palpable epigastric abd mass “olive”

Dgx:
“string sign” on Upper GI
US

Tx:
NPO
IV hydration
Pyloromyotomy

21
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A 
SS:
Pulmonary disease
pancreatice insufficiency/malabsorption (meconium ileus)
salt loss syndromes
others (sinusitis, polyps)

Eval:
Sweat test
elevated chloride is dgx of CF >60 mmol/L
Genetic testing confirms dgx after positive sweat test

22
Q

Body temp by body area

A

Axillary = 97.6
Oral = 98.6
Rectal or Tympanic = 99.6

23
Q

When does someone have a fever?

A

Rectal temp is 100.4 or higher
OR
oral temp is above 101

24
Q

Amoxicillin Info

A

Use: AOM
Usual Ped Dose: 80-90 mg/kg/day q8-12h
CI/AE: GI upset, rash

25
Q

Azithromycin

A

Use: Strep pharyngitis
Usual Ped Dose: 12 mg/kg/day x 5 days
CI/AE: GI upset, rash; allergic rxn

26
Q

Penicillin

A

Use: Strep pharyngitis
Usual Ped Dose: 250mg bid-tid x 10 days
CI/AE: GI upset; allergic rxn

27
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Use: Pain, fever
Usual Ped Dose: 10-15mg/kg/dose q4-6h prn; do not exceed 5 doses in a day
CI/AE: rash, nephrotoxicity; allergic rxn

28
Q

STORCH infections

A 
syphilis
toxoplasmosis
other infections
rubella
cytomegalovirus
herpes

SAPE (15 decks)

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