Pediatrics Flashcards
Allergy summary
SS: reaction within 3-4 hours rhinitis asthma atopic dermatitis
Txt: Diet Diphenhydramine, 4 mg/kg/a6hr Epi Pen child education
Infantile Acne
Who:2-4 weeks of life
S/s:
pink, small papules
Tx:
time/reassurance
Miliaria Rubra ( Heat Rash)
Who:Infants and adults
S/s:
covered areas
flexural areas
clear vesicles on an erythematous base
Tx:
symptomatic
avoid over heating
Erythema Toxicum
who: *neonates in the first 24-48 hours of life
S/S:
1-4mm central vesicle or pustule over large, blotchy erythematous base
Tx:
reassurance
Measles (Rubeola)
Who: rare with adequate vaccination
S/s:
High fever
cough
coryza
conjunctivitis
prodromal symptoms that persist during the rash
starts on face and spreads out but still remains on face
Tx:
close monitoring
symptomatic
Rubella (German Measles)
Who: rare with adequate vaccination
S/s:
rash that starts on face and spreads to trunk and extremities but the *face clears up; mild viral illness with tender lymphadenopathy
TX:
symptomatic
Roseola
Who: children under 2
S/s:
predominately on the trunk
High fever disappears before rash
faint blanchable pink maculopapules which coalesce
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth’s disease)
Who: school aged
S/s:
after prodrome, child feels better but rash erupts on face (slapped cheek) and extremities
SPARES hands and feet
lacy and caolesces
Tx:
reassurance
symptomatic
Coxsackievirus (hand, foot, and mouth)
Who: children under 10
S/s:
rash or spots appear on hands and feet
parent complains child doesn’t want to eat and just doesn’t feel well
Tx:
symptomatic
Jaundice
SS:
yellow skin
yellow sclera
Eval:
coomb’s test
Tx:
phototherapy
Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome
SS: hypotonia hyperflexibility excess skin on back of neck flat facies simian crease cardiac abnormalities low IQ
Txt:
supportive
Voiding dysfunction summary
Enuresis - refers to a repeated inability to control urination - Primary : never achieved control - Secondary : control for at least 6 months Mild - pollakiura - giggle incontinence - vaginal reflux Moderate - lazy bladder - unstable bladder Severe - hinman syndrome
Eval:UA/UC
RUS
cystogram
Txt: motivation DDVAPT ofranil time voiding conditioned response therapy
Kawasaki disease summary
Def: mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or infantile polyarteritis
SS: microvasculitis fever > 5 days peripheral extremity changes polymorphous rash oropharyngeal changes bilateral, nonexudative painless conjunctival infection
Eval: elevated ESR/CRP 2 urine proteins Platlets > 450,000 pyuria ALT > 50 albumin
Leukemia summary
Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia MC
SS: fever bleeding bone pain lymphadenopathy
Eval: CBC diff clotting tests metabolic panel Uric acid LP bone marrow biopsy US
Txt:
meds
Developmental Dysplasia of Hip summary
Def: disorders of sublet, dislocation
SS:
painless limp
short leg
Eval:
Barlow/Orotoni exam
Txt:
Observe
harness or casting
Legg-Calve Perthes summary
Def: avascular necrosis of femoral head
SS: pain in hip with limp painless limp externally rotated leg mild atrophy of thigh
Eval: CBC ESR AP/frog-leg lateral X-rays pelvis MRI
Txt:
bed rest
bracing or surgery
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis summary
Def: MC hip disorder in adolescent
SS: obesity limp no known trauma externally rotated leg flexed leg will externally rotate
Eval:
AP/frog-leg lateral x-rays
Txt:
hospitalization
surgery
ADHD
def: combo of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention that affects functioning in cognitive, academic, behavioral, emotional, and social
Eval:
look at criteria
Tx:
combo of meds, behavioral, and educational
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Daytrana patch)
Amphetamine (Dexedrine tabs, Vyvanse, Adderall)
Autism
Cognitive differences: theory of mind, implicit learning and nonverbal sensitivity
S/s:
poor social skills
rigid and inflexible adherence to routines
preoccupation with parts of an object or particular subject
sensory issues (can’t block out stimuli, hypersensitivity, fine motor problems, gross motor problems)
Dgx:
interview
medical workup
psych assessment
Tx: social skills training peer training communication and conversational training behavioral management academic and educational support tx of comorbid issues No meds tx autism
Pyloric stenosis
concentric hypertrophy of pyloric muscle
S/s:
progressive projectile, non bilious vomiting eventually with every feeding
dehydration
palpable epigastric abd mass “olive”
Dgx:
“string sign” on Upper GI
US
Tx:
NPO
IV hydration
Pyloromyotomy
Cystic Fibrosis
SS: Pulmonary disease pancreatice insufficiency/malabsorption (meconium ileus) salt loss syndromes others (sinusitis, polyps)
Eval:
Sweat test
elevated chloride is dgx of CF >60 mmol/L
Genetic testing confirms dgx after positive sweat test
Body temp by body area
Axillary = 97.6
Oral = 98.6
Rectal or Tympanic = 99.6
When does someone have a fever?
Rectal temp is 100.4 or higher
OR
oral temp is above 101
Amoxicillin Info
Use: AOM
Usual Ped Dose: 80-90 mg/kg/day q8-12h
CI/AE: GI upset, rash
