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SAPE > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

glenohumeral dislocation

A

SS:
posterior:
internally rotated arm
humeral head on posterior shoulder

anterior:
signif pain
arm slight abduction
head bulge

Eval:
clinical
apprehension test
lateral, AP, Y view X-ray

Txt:
reduction
sling

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2
Q

SLAP lesion

A

superior labrum anterior to posterior

SS:
instability of shoulder with overhead traction

Txt:
surgical

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3
Q

Clavicle fracture

A

MC

SS:
stepoff
crepitus

Eval
CXR

Txt:
sling
surgery only if needed

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4
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Def: compression of nerves in shoulder

SS:
dull ache or sharp pain
pain at rest

Eval:
Neer
Hawkin

Txt:
PT
surgery

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5
Q

Salter-Harris

A 
S - through physis
A (M) - through physis and metaphysis
L (E) - through physis and epiphysis
T - through all three
E - crush injury
R
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6
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

Def: fusion of spine

SS:
morning stiff
low back pain 3 months
decrease with exercise

Eval:
HLA-B27
Clinical
xray

Txt:
watch

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7
Q

Gout

A

Def: increase in concentration of uric acid in blood

SS:
metatarsal-phalange joint big toe
erythematous
painful swelling
unilateral
rat-bite sign

Eval:
clinical
xray

Txt:
NSAIDs
colchicine
prednisone

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8
Q

pseudogout

A

SS:
calcium crystals
not big toe but other places

Eval:
xray

Txt:
NSAIDs
colchicine
prednisone

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9
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Def: inflammatory breakdown of joints

SS:
morning stiff
swelling
PIP, MCP, wrist

Eval:
CCP
clinical
ulnar deviation
boutonniere deformity
swan neck deformity
Txt:
educate
exercise
NSAID
DMARDS
- Celecoxib 100 mg po bid
- methotrexate 7.5 mg po qweek
- hydroxychloroquine
- entanercept
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10
Q

Ankle sprain

A 
Def: stretching or tearing of ligaments
MC lateral (taliofibular (ant and post), calcaneofibular)
SS:
pain
swelling
lack ability to bear weight
laxity

Eval:
drawer test
inversion stress test
xray (tender 6 cm of leg, tender base 5th metatarsal, not bear weight)

Txt:
ice
elevate
immobilize

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11
Q

Weber classification

A

A - below syndesmosis
B - at syndesmosis with ligament tear
C - above syndesmosis with tearing

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12
Q

Ankle fracture

A 
SS:
pain
swell
bruise
no weight

Eval:
xray

txt:
reduce
immobilize
elevate
surgery
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13
Q

Jones fracture

A

Def: fracture of 5th metatarsal at diaphysis

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14
Q

Morton neuroma

A

SS:
sharp/burning pain
lacalized tender webspacing
between 2nd and 3rd toes

Eval:
clinical

Txt:
rest
steroid
surgery

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15
Q

Hallux valgus

A

SS:
inward big toe

Eval:
clinical

Txt:
wide shoes
surgery

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16
Q

Plantar fascitis

A

SS:
pain over plantar
tender

Txt:
rest
NSAIDs
heel/arch suppport

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17
Q

Achilles tendon rupture

A

SS:
sudden pain
difficult stepping off

Eval:
thompson test

Txt:
splint
refer

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18
Q

Bursitis

A

Def: inflammation of sacs lined with synovial tissue

SS:
swollen
pain
warmth

Eval:
aspiration

Txt:
aspiration
compression
ice
NSAIDs
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19
Q

Baker’s cyst

A

def: swelling in popliteal fossa

SS:
knee pain
stiffness
swelling/mass during extension

Eval:
clinical
conservative
surgery

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20
Q

MCL and LCL injuries

A

def: stress to knee weakens ligaments

SS:
LCL - laxity

MCL - laxity

Eval:

Txt:
rest
ice
immobilize
PT
surgery
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21
Q

ACL and PCL injuries

A 
SS:
pop
can't bear weight
pain
instability feeling
Eval:
ACL
- Lachman
- Anterior drawer
PCL
- posterior drawer
- posterior sag sign
Txt:
Rest
ice
immobilize 
crutches
ACL - surgery
22
Q

Meniscal tears

A

Def: bucket handle with ACL and medially

SS:
tenderness
limited ROM
crepitus

Eval:
McMurray test
MRI

Txt:
RICE
PT

23
Q

tendonitis

A

SS:
anterior knee pain with jumping or squatting
tenderness

Txt:
Rest
PT

24
Q

Anterior hip dislocation

A 
SS:
flexed
abducted
external rotation
pain

Eval:
AP pelvis
AP/lat femur
CT

Txt:
reduction
crutch

25
Posterior hip dislocation
``` SS: flexed adducted internal rotation leg length loss pain ``` Eval: AP pelvis AP/lat femur CT Txt: reduction crutch
26
Iliotibial Band Syndrome
SS: snapping/popping over greater trochanter pain Eval: AP/lat pelvis and hip CT Txt: supportive
27
Trochanteric Bursitis
SS: pain greater trochanter and knee redness warmth Eval: AP/lateral pelvis and hip MRI ``` Txt: NSAIDS cane use steroids surgery ```
28
Ganglion cysts
Def: fluid ballooning out of joint on hands SS: blulge at joint painless Txt: supportive surgery
29
Dupuytren's Contracture
SS: dimpling and puckering of skin cause contracture of fingers Txt: supportive surgery
30
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
SS: weakness of thinner muscle numbness of hand Eval: Tinel's Phalen's Txt: surgery
31
Dequervain's tenosynovitis
SS: pain crepitus on thumb Eval: Finkelstein's Maneuver ``` Txt: Rest ice anti-inflammatory meds splint ```
32
Finger deformities
Mallet finger - DIP is flexed Swan neck - DIP is flex Boutonniere Finger - PIP is flex and DIP hyperextended Trigger Finger - pointer finger stuck in flexed PIP Jersey finger - ring finger can't flex when hand in fist
33
Wrist injuries
``` Colles - radius dorsal (back of hand) Smith - radius volar Barton - fracture distal radius Torus - buckle of bone Scaphoid - snuff box tenderness ```
34
Finger fractures
Gamekeeper thumb - laxity of thumb Bennett's - fall on thumb Malrotation - scaphoid bone loose stability Boxers - 5th metatarsal distal
35
Supracondyllar fracture
SS: fat pad sign Txt: reduction
36
Tennis elbow
Def: lateral epicondylitis SS: ache pain tenderness Eval: Xray ``` Txt: rest ice PT NSAIDS ```
37
Golfer's, pitcher's, bowler's elbow
Def: medial epicondylitis SS: tender pain with flex ``` Txt: rest ice NSAIDs PT ```
38
Olecranon bursitis
SS: pain swelling ``` Eval: xray cbc esr crp ``` Txt: supportive aspiration
39
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
Def: Truckers elbow SS: numbness in ring and small fingers weakness pope's blessing Eval: froments sign EMG Txt: splint NSAIDs surgery
40
Radial Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
Def: saturday night palsy SS: wrist drop loss sensation Txt: cock-up splint
41
Nursemaid elbow
SS: slight flexion pronation Eval: xray Txt: reduction through supinate and flex elbow
42
Elbow dislocation
Eval: xray Txt: reduction narcotics surgery
43
Radial head fracture
Eval: xray Txt: sling ice analgesics
44
osteoarthritis
Def: "wear and tear" cartilage covering the joint wears out, develops cracks, fissures, and eventually complete full thickness cartilage loss ``` SS: DIP (herberden) PIP (bouchard) base of thumb (CMC) pain related to use pain gets worse during the day minimal morning stiffness ROM decreases ``` ``` Txt: exercises bracing acetaminophen 325 mg po q4-6 hr topical NSAIDs - ibuprofen 200 mg q4-6 hrs - celecoxib 100 mg bid tramadol/opioid analgesics corticosteroid injections surgery ```
45
lupus
Def: chronic autoimmune unknown etiology protein presentation multiple organ involvement ``` SS: renal failure psychosis cognitive deficits depression strokes HA ``` ``` Txt: NSAIDs prednisone steroid sparing agents hydroxychloroquine azathioprine MTX ```
46
disc herniation
Def: L4-S1 SS: sharp, shooting pain in back 30 - 40 yr old ``` eval: motor group testing sensory deficit testing straight leg raise MRI ``` ``` Txt: short term bed rest PT chiropractic acupuncture Surgery (last resort) ```
47
spondylolysis
Def: fracture (defect) of pars intrarticularis (veterbral body) SS: low back pain with activities that extend spine Eval: oblique xray MRI CT Txt: bone rest bracing PT
48
spinal stenosis
Def: spinal cord or roots are compressed SS: weakness radiate into butt and legs worst with standing and walking "grocery cart" sign ``` Txt: avoid activities or motion NSAIDs/analgesics Epidural steroid injections PT surgery (last resort but best prognosis) ```
49
scoliolsis
Def: curvature of the spine Eval: full-spine xrays (PA/lateral) @ 40 degrees Txt: brace surgery
50
Narcotic pain meds
Oxycodone/APAP 1-2 q4-6hr (5/325) tramadol 50 mg po q4-6hr naloxone IV 0.04 mg

SAPE (15 decks)

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