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SAPE > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

glenohumeral dislocation

A

SS:
posterior:
internally rotated arm
humeral head on posterior shoulder

anterior:
signif pain
arm slight abduction
head bulge

Eval:
clinical
apprehension test
lateral, AP, Y view X-ray

Txt:
reduction
sling

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2
Q

SLAP lesion

A

superior labrum anterior to posterior

SS:
instability of shoulder with overhead traction

Txt:
surgical

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3
Q

Clavicle fracture

A

MC

SS:
stepoff
crepitus

Eval
CXR

Txt:
sling
surgery only if needed

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4
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

Def: compression of nerves in shoulder

SS:
dull ache or sharp pain
pain at rest

Eval:
Neer
Hawkin

Txt:
PT
surgery

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5
Q

Salter-Harris

A 
S - through physis
A (M) - through physis and metaphysis
L (E) - through physis and epiphysis
T - through all three
E - crush injury
R
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6
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

Def: fusion of spine

SS:
morning stiff
low back pain 3 months
decrease with exercise

Eval:
HLA-B27
Clinical
xray

Txt:
watch

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7
Q

Gout

A

Def: increase in concentration of uric acid in blood

SS:
metatarsal-phalange joint big toe
erythematous
painful swelling
unilateral
rat-bite sign

Eval:
clinical
xray

Txt:
NSAIDs
colchicine
prednisone

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8
Q

pseudogout

A

SS:
calcium crystals
not big toe but other places

Eval:
xray

Txt:
NSAIDs
colchicine
prednisone

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9
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Def: inflammatory breakdown of joints

SS:
morning stiff
swelling
PIP, MCP, wrist

Eval:
CCP
clinical
ulnar deviation
boutonniere deformity
swan neck deformity
Txt:
educate
exercise
NSAID
DMARDS
- Celecoxib 100 mg po bid
- methotrexate 7.5 mg po qweek
- hydroxychloroquine
- entanercept
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10
Q

Ankle sprain

A 
Def: stretching or tearing of ligaments
MC lateral (taliofibular (ant and post), calcaneofibular)
SS:
pain
swelling
lack ability to bear weight
laxity

Eval:
drawer test
inversion stress test
xray (tender 6 cm of leg, tender base 5th metatarsal, not bear weight)

Txt:
ice
elevate
immobilize

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11
Q

Weber classification

A

A - below syndesmosis
B - at syndesmosis with ligament tear
C - above syndesmosis with tearing

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12
Q

Ankle fracture

A 
SS:
pain
swell
bruise
no weight

Eval:
xray

txt:
reduce
immobilize
elevate
surgery
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13
Q

Jones fracture

A

Def: fracture of 5th metatarsal at diaphysis

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14
Q

Morton neuroma

A

SS:
sharp/burning pain
lacalized tender webspacing
between 2nd and 3rd toes

Eval:
clinical

Txt:
rest
steroid
surgery

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15
Q

Hallux valgus

A

SS:
inward big toe

Eval:
clinical

Txt:
wide shoes
surgery

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16
Q

Plantar fascitis

A

SS:
pain over plantar
tender

Txt:
rest
NSAIDs
heel/arch suppport

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17
Q

Achilles tendon rupture

A

SS:
sudden pain
difficult stepping off

Eval:
thompson test

Txt:
splint
refer

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18
Q

Bursitis

A

Def: inflammation of sacs lined with synovial tissue

SS:
swollen
pain
warmth

Eval:
aspiration

Txt:
aspiration
compression
ice
NSAIDs
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19
Q

Baker’s cyst

A

def: swelling in popliteal fossa

SS:
knee pain
stiffness
swelling/mass during extension

Eval:
clinical
conservative
surgery

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20
Q

MCL and LCL injuries

A

def: stress to knee weakens ligaments

SS:
LCL - laxity

MCL - laxity

Eval:

Txt:
rest
ice
immobilize
PT
surgery
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21
Q

ACL and PCL injuries

A 
SS:
pop
can't bear weight
pain
instability feeling
Eval:
ACL
- Lachman
- Anterior drawer
PCL
- posterior drawer
- posterior sag sign
Txt:
Rest
ice
immobilize 
crutches
ACL - surgery
22
Q

Meniscal tears

A

Def: bucket handle with ACL and medially

SS:
tenderness
limited ROM
crepitus

Eval:
McMurray test
MRI

Txt:
RICE
PT

23
Q

tendonitis

A

SS:
anterior knee pain with jumping or squatting
tenderness

Txt:
Rest
PT

24
Q

Anterior hip dislocation

A 
SS:
flexed
abducted
external rotation
pain

Eval:
AP pelvis
AP/lat femur
CT

Txt:
reduction
crutch

25
Q

Posterior hip dislocation

A 
SS:
flexed
adducted
internal rotation
leg length loss
pain

Eval:
AP pelvis
AP/lat femur
CT

Txt:
reduction
crutch

26
Q

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

A

SS:
snapping/popping over greater trochanter
pain

Eval:
AP/lat pelvis and hip
CT

Txt:
supportive

27
Q

Trochanteric Bursitis

A

SS:
pain greater trochanter and knee
redness
warmth

Eval:
AP/lateral pelvis and hip
MRI

Txt:
NSAIDS
cane use
steroids
surgery
28
Q

Ganglion cysts

A

Def: fluid ballooning out of joint on hands

SS:
blulge at joint
painless

Txt:
supportive
surgery

29
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A

SS:
dimpling and puckering of skin
cause contracture of fingers

Txt:
supportive
surgery

30
Q

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

A

SS:
weakness of thinner muscle
numbness of hand

Eval:
Tinel’s
Phalen’s

Txt:
surgery

31
Q

Dequervain’s tenosynovitis

A

SS:
pain
crepitus on thumb

Eval:
Finkelstein’s Maneuver

Txt:
Rest
ice
anti-inflammatory meds
splint
32
Q

Finger deformities

A

Mallet finger - DIP is flexed
Swan neck - DIP is flex
Boutonniere Finger - PIP is flex and DIP hyperextended
Trigger Finger - pointer finger stuck in flexed PIP
Jersey finger - ring finger can’t flex when hand in fist

33
Q

Wrist injuries

A 
Colles - radius dorsal (back of hand)
Smith - radius volar
Barton - fracture distal radius
Torus - buckle of bone
Scaphoid - snuff box tenderness
34
Q

Finger fractures

A

Gamekeeper thumb - laxity of thumb
Bennett’s - fall on thumb
Malrotation - scaphoid bone loose stability
Boxers - 5th metatarsal distal

35
Q

Supracondyllar fracture

A

SS:
fat pad sign

Txt:
reduction

36
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Def: lateral epicondylitis

SS:
ache
pain
tenderness

Eval:
Xray

Txt:
rest
ice
PT
NSAIDS
37
Q

Golfer’s, pitcher’s, bowler’s elbow

A

Def: medial epicondylitis

SS:
tender
pain with flex

Txt:
rest
ice
NSAIDs
PT
38
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

SS:
pain
swelling

Eval:
xray
cbc
esr
crp

Txt:
supportive
aspiration

39
Q

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment Syndrome

A

Def: Truckers elbow

SS:
numbness in ring and small fingers
weakness
pope’s blessing

Eval:
froments sign
EMG

Txt:
splint
NSAIDs
surgery

40
Q

Radial Nerve Entrapment Syndrome

A

Def: saturday night palsy

SS:
wrist drop
loss sensation

Txt:
cock-up splint

41
Q

Nursemaid elbow

A

SS:
slight flexion
pronation

Eval:
xray

Txt:
reduction through supinate and flex elbow

42
Q

Elbow dislocation

A

Eval:
xray

Txt:
reduction
narcotics
surgery

43
Q

Radial head fracture

A

Eval:
xray

Txt:
sling
ice
analgesics

44
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Def: “wear and tear” cartilage covering the joint wears out, develops cracks, fissures, and eventually complete full thickness cartilage loss

SS:
DIP (herberden)
PIP (bouchard)
base of thumb (CMC)
pain related to use
pain gets worse during the day
minimal morning stiffness
ROM decreases
Txt:
exercises
bracing
acetaminophen 325 mg po q4-6 hr
topical NSAIDs
- ibuprofen 200 mg q4-6 hrs
- celecoxib 100 mg bid
tramadol/opioid analgesics
corticosteroid injections
surgery
45
Q

lupus

A

Def: chronic autoimmune unknown etiology protein presentation multiple organ involvement

SS:
renal failure
psychosis
cognitive deficits
depression
strokes
HA
Txt: 
NSAIDs
prednisone steroid sparing agents
hydroxychloroquine
azathioprine
MTX
46
Q

disc herniation

A

Def: L4-S1

SS:
sharp, shooting pain in back 30 - 40 yr old

eval:
motor group testing
sensory deficit testing
straight leg raise
MRI
Txt:
short term bed rest
PT
chiropractic
acupuncture
Surgery (last resort)
47
Q

spondylolysis

A

Def: fracture (defect) of pars intrarticularis (veterbral body)

SS:
low back pain with activities that extend spine

Eval:
oblique xray
MRI
CT

Txt:
bone rest
bracing
PT

48
Q

spinal stenosis

A

Def: spinal cord or roots are compressed

SS:
weakness radiate into butt and legs
worst with standing and walking
“grocery cart” sign

Txt:
avoid activities or motion
NSAIDs/analgesics
Epidural
steroid injections
PT
surgery (last resort but best prognosis)
49
Q

scoliolsis

A

Def: curvature of the spine

Eval:
full-spine xrays (PA/lateral) @ 40 degrees

Txt:
brace
surgery

50
Q

Narcotic pain meds

A

Oxycodone/APAP 1-2 q4-6hr (5/325)
tramadol 50 mg po q4-6hr
naloxone IV 0.04 mg

SAPE (15 decks)

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