Public Policies and Welfare Models Flashcards
In what 4 ways is law important in public policy?
- constitutional law: laws form the framework in which policy is exercised
- rule making: law used to establish the rules by which policy is pursued
- administrative law: used to define executive processes
- enforcement: There is often a negative sanction
attached to laws, so that people or organizations
who disregard them are liable to suffer
Distinction between public services and social services?
Public - are available for everyone but so are some social services
Social - target specific populations or issues.
Deborah Mitchel’s 5 approaches to the comparison of welfare?
1) comparing explicit policy: explicit terms in which actions are taken
2) comparing inputs: resources which go into welfare provision
3) comparing production: . the rules and structures through which services operate
4) comparing operations: what they do, how they are paid for, and who runs them.
5) comparing outcomes: whether or not people benefit from it
Howard Leichter’s 5 problems about public policies’ comparison?
1) policy measures are not directly comparable
2) some countries falsify data
3) different types of datat collection
4) distribution differs and not everything is likely to be counted
5) variation in cost makes it difficult to compare inputs
What is bounded rationality by Herbert Simon?
A theory about how actors decide.
What is the model of policy-making?
list of stages that planners are supposed to go through to make informed decisions.
Stages of the model of policy-making?
1) Aims
2) Goals:
-SMART: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bounded
3) Methods
4) Implementation
5) Monitoring and Evaluating
6) Assessment of the Environment
What do new rational methods of policy-making emphasize?
The evaluation stage
4 Models for Performance for Public Policy
1) Traditional/Pre-Performance:
2) Performance Administration
3) Management of Performances
4) Performance Management
What can explain the emergence and expansion of modern welfare states?
- economic growth of the state
- involvement of the state
Theories about the welfare state
- structuralism: welfare state is understood as a response to structural changes
- functionalism: rise of mass democracy in Europe that favored the development of
welfare states because political elites had to confront a more organized working class and compete for votes (HEIDENHEIMER) - neomarxism: capitalist state must try to fulfill two basic and often contradictory functions -accumulation and legitimation. Not only must the state provide services which improve the profitability of private capital,
it must also strengthen the acceptability of and support for the capitalist system.(O’CONNOR) - postcolonialism: (WALKER AND WONG) way in which welfare and the welfare state have been socially
constructed reflects the dominance of a ‘western paradigm’
Gosta Esping-Andersen division of welfare states? 3 principles
1) Decommodification: until individual’s welfare is reliant upon the market
2) Social Stratification: meaning the role of welfare states states in maintaining or breaking down social stratification
3) Welfare Providers: meaning the relative role of the state, family, voluntary sector, and the market in welfare provision.
Colin Hay and Daniel Wincott’s taxonomy?
Most comprehensive typology of welfare states.
1) process of increasing globalization and the process of financialization
2) importance of European economic integration
3) current tendency of welfare state retrenchment
4) the financial and economic crisis
5) demographic changes and welfare trajectories
