Public Heath Science - FA Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of bias is early detection confused with increased survival?

A

Lead-time bias

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2
Q

Failure mode and effect analysis uses what to ID something might fail?

What kind of approach?

A

Inductive reasoning

Forward-looking

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3
Q

What does the swiss cheese model douse on?

How is error mitigated?

A

Systems and conditions

Differing layers and types of defenses - careful when the holes line up

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6
Q

Part D medicare is for what?

A

Prescription Drugs

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9
Q

What is the #1 cause of death ages 1-44?

45-64?

65+?

A

Unintentional injury

Cancer

Heart disease

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10
Q

Pulmonary disease more common in coal workers than general population, by these people also smoke more displays what kind of bias?

A

Confounding bias

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11
Q

Variance = ?

A

(SD) squared

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13
Q

Give example of secondary disease prevention:

A

Pap smear for cervical cancer (manage existing but asymptomatic disease)

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16
Q

NNH = ?

A

1 / AR

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17
Q

Root cause analysis uses what to ID problems that lead to error?

What kind of approach?

A

Records and Participant interviews

Retrospective

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19
Q

What is it called when physicians receive a set amount per patient assigned?

A

Capitation

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20
Q

What kind of bias is common in retrospective studies and there is an awareness of disorder which alters recall by subjects?

A

Recall bias

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21
Q

Increased precision leads to what 2 consequences?

A

Dec standard deviation

Increased statistical power (1-Beta)

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22
Q

Can Point of service insurance plans see providers out of network?

Referral required for specialist?

A

Yes

Yes

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24
Q

Part A medicare is for what?

A

HospitAl insurance, hospice

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26
Q

LR+ equation?

A

Sensitivity / (1 - specificity)

28
Q

Can PPO insurance plans see providers out of network?

Referral required for specialist?

29
Q

NNT =?

30
Q

Give the order of highest priority to lowest in surrogate decision making:

A

Spouse –> adult Children –> Parents –> Siblings

31
Q

Can exclusive provider organization insurance plans see providers out of network?

Referral required for specialist?

A

No - limited

NO

34
Q

What is plotted on a fishbone diagram?

A

Root cause analysis

35
Q

Part C medicare is for what?

A

Combo A and B delivered by approved private companies

36
Q

Prioritizing positive effects over negative effects is known as what?

Commonly seen when?

A

Principle of double effect

Hospice care

37
Q

What situations is parental consent not usually required?

A

Sex - BCP, STI, pregnancy
Drugs - substance abuse
Rock and Roll - emergency, trauma

38
Part B medicare is for what?
Basic medical Bills - dr.'s fee, dx testing/labs
40
What refers to the trueness of test measures?
Accuracy (validity)
42
Give example of quaternary disease prevention:
Protecting pts from unnecessary tx, sharing pt records
43
Medicare is available to whom?
> 65 < 65 w/certain disability ESRD pts
44
OR used in what studies? Equation?
Case-control | A x D) / (B x C
46
What kind of bias are the subjects in different groups not treated the same?
Procedure bias
47
What kind of bias does the researcher's belief in the efficacy of a treatment change the outcome of that treatment? Aka what?
Observer-expectancy bias Self-fulfilling prophecy
51
Give example of tertiary disease prevention:
Chemotherapy - tx to reduce complications
54
What refers to the consistency and reproducibility of a test?
Precision (reliability)
55
Describe the sleep changes in the elderly
Dec R.E.M. And slow wave sleep Inc sleep onset latency Inc early awakenings
56
Give example of primary disease prevention:
HPV vaccine
57
LR- equation?
(1-sensitivity) / specificity
58
No random sampling or treatment allocation is what bias? Most commonly a what?
Selection Sampling bias
68
RR used in what studies? Equation?
A/(A + B) / C/(C+D)