Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Board Prep > Barone HY > Flashcards

Barone HY Flashcards

1
Q

What is a richter transformation?

A

CLL –> large cell lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy causes what murmur?

Described how?

A

AR

Diastolic BLOWING murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infarction of what artery causes Broca and Wernicke’s?

A

MCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main histo finding in PD?

A

Lewy bodies that have alpha-synuclein

It’s a sin to show your LEWD body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aflatoxin causes mutations in what?

Can cause what cancer?

A

p53 at position 249

HCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the nephrotic syndrome symptoms?

A

Protein > 3.5 g/day
Generalized edema
Hypercoaguable
Lipiduria - fatty casts (oval fat bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What murmur has an opening snap?

Best heard how?

A

MS

Bell in left lateral decubitus position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mutations in what gene for A1AT?

A

SERPINA1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes acute pyelonephritis?

A 
uti
VU reflux
Pregnancy 
Diabetics 
Males w/BPH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the following levels in PCOS for the following hormones?

LH
FSH
Androgen
Estrogen
Progesterone
A 
High
Low
High
High
Low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stain in liver biopsy for Hemochromatosis?

Tx?

A

Prussian blue

Phlebotomy, Deferoxamine, Deferusirox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the nephrotic syndromes?

A

MM FAN

MCD
Membranous
FSGS
Amyloidosis
Nodular GS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

B-ALL has what translocation w/good prognosis?

Bad prognosis?

A

T(12;21)

t(9;22)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What makes HOCM murmur quieter?

Why?

A

Squatting, lay down

Increases Venous return (preload) moves big septum out of way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adenocarcinoma of bladder occurs where? Due to what?

A

Bladder dome, urachal remnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If the entire is brain is ischemic, after 5 minutes where will you see red neurons in the brain?

A

Hippocampus in CA1

Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What brain structures degenerates the most in Wilson’s disease?

Mutation in what gene?

Inheritance?

A

Putamen and GP

ATP7B, ch. 13

AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What bran problem shows a crescent shaped moon pattern and crosses suture lines?

Due to what?

A

Subdural hematoma

Ruptured of bridging veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MC tumor of heart is what?

(+) for what?

A

Melanoma

HMB-45, S-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cresents in RPGN are made of what?

How does it affect GFR?

A

Fibrin, macrophages, podocytes

Decreases GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What HL has excellent prognosis and has popcorn cells?

What does it no have?

A

Lymphocyte-predom

R-S cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Alport syndrome due to what mutation?

Sx?

EM shows what?

A

COL4A5 mutated (COLT45)

Hearing and vision defects w/kidney

basketweave appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Lesion to PICA causes what sx?

Called what?

A

Dysphagia, hoarseness, c/l los of pain/temp

Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome

Marky Mark Wallenberg has good LATS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What HL is MC, looks like cirrhosis of LN?

Prognosis?

RS cell has what?

A

Nodular sclerosis

Excellent

Clear space in cytoplasm (lacunar cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Goodpasture's IF shows what? Where? The antibody is against what?
linear IgG subepithelial Collagen Type 4 alpha-3 subunit
39
What makes AS murmur louder? Why??
Sitting to squatting, lay down Increase Venous Return
40
What amoeba has cork scew motility?
Trichamonis vaginalis
43
What are the germ cell tumors?
Immature teratoma (dermoid cyst) Dysgerminoma Seminoma
45
Pegler-Huet cells seen in what? Tx?
MDS Lenalidomide
46
Wilms tumor is also called what? What does the microscope show?
Nephroblastoma Triphasic: metanephric blastema, stroma, epithelial elements (glomeruli and tubules)
47
What are pink, corkscrew-like eosinophilic structures in the brain called?
Rosenthal fibers
49
ALS has what mutated gene? Inheritance? What accumulates in neurons that are dying? Tx which prolongs life by 2-3 months?
SOD1, AD TDP-43 Riluzole
50
What NHL has blasts in the blood that go to your skin, brain, gums and acts like a macrophage that goes to the tissues?
AML M5
51
Budd-Chiari manifests how? What PE finding? Image with what? Tx?
Congested nutmeg liver RUQ pain, palpable liver, jaundice, SM US tPA
52
What ovarian tumor has a PTEN mutation?
Endometrioid
53
What does a wbc > 100,000 indicate? LAP is what? Major sx?
CML Decreased HUGE spleen
54
MVP murmur gets louder when? Moves closer or further from S2? Why?
Decreased Preload Further (closer to S1) Less blood it contracts more
55
Flexner-Wintersteiner seen in what tumor?
Retinoblastoma
56
Which vaccines are killed?
``` RIP Always Rabies Influenza (Orthomyxovirius) Polio (Salk) HepA ```
57
What are Hirano bodies? Made of what? Seen in what disease?
Inclusion in dying neurons (made of actin) AD
60
What tumor is CD99+? Occurs in what part of the body? Has what microscopic finding? What tumor is basically the same but in your brain?
Ewing sarcoma Diaphysis of long bones Pseudo wright-rosettes Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
61
What makes AS murmur quieter? Why?
Sitting to standing, Valsalva Decreases venous return (preload)
62
AML is (+) for what?
MPO | CD13, CD 33
63
How to treat PCOS in pt that wants to become pregnant?
Clomiphene (SERM), prevents (-) feedback inhibition resulting in increased LH and FSH
64
What are all the nephritic symptoms, think of the mneumonic
"i" --> interstate, you need to use a GPS (Goodpasture's, PSGN) will see a crescent moon (RPGN) while driving so you stop to get a burger (Berger IgA). If you do not get good miles per gallon (MPGN) do not take the tram tracks. Drive to the airport (Alport's) and watch the plane touch down on the X-marked spot (X-linked)
65
Medulloblastoma can cause what kind of hemorrhages? What has best prognosis? Bad?
Duret Wnt Spreads into CSF and SC --> drop metastases
69
Sx of Acute interstitial nephritis?
Fever, maculopapular rash, symptoms of renal failure
70
Wilson's disease looks like what other diseases? Copper deposits in what layer of eye? Treatment? If allergic?
ADHD w/Parkinsonism Descemet's membrane D-penicillamine, if allergic: Trientine
71
vCJD affects what pts? In the CSF what will be elevated?
Young pt 14-3-3 protein
73
What murmur is located subaortic stenosis?
HOCM AD
75
What is the MC cause of ATN? Due to what?
Ischemic acute tubular necrosis Hemorrhage, vasoconstriction, shock
76
What is unaffected in acute pyelonephritis? Urine shows what?
Glomerulus Pyuria and wbc casts
79
Bone marrow with blasts > 20% indicates what? Between 1-20%?
Acute leukemia Myelodysplasia (pre-leukemia)
81
What murmur has increased wide pulse pressure, head bobs with each beat of heart? What else is seen?
AR Water-hammer pulse, pistol shot bruit in femoral pulse
85
What are intracytoplasmic round pink eosinophilic inclusions that contain alpha synuclein?
Lewy bodies
86
Lewy Body Dementia presents what?
Has dementia and PD symptoms, also get VISUAL hallucinations of animals, people
88
Xanthochromia (yellow) CSF indicates what? Why?
Bleed in brain Bc of breakdown of rbc's
89
Muddy brown casts indicate what?
Acute tubular necrosis | -ischemia or nephrotoxic injury
92
Myelofibrosis is due to what? Sx? What finding on peripheral blood smear?
Too much PDGF, too many megakaryocytes Dry tap, enlarged spleen w/extramedullary hematopoiesis Teardrop rbcs
94
Which HL has a strong (70%) association with EBV?
Mixed cellularity
95
How do you track HCC?
AFP
98
MVP murmur how to make it quieter? Moves closer or further from S2? Why?
Increase venous return Closer to S2 (shorter and quieter) More blood stretches it out
100
Ependymoma is tumor of what? Present how? (+) for what? Microscopic finding?
4th ventricle, in kids as obstructing hydrocephalus GFAP Perivascular pseudorosettes and true rosettes
102
MVP seen in what?
FAME Fragile X ADPKD Marfan EDS
103
Painless enlarging LNs that hurt while drinking indicates what?
HL
104
What lymphoma is high grade and has sheets of tumor cells? What other association does it have?
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma HHV-8
105
What has fixed splitting of S2?
ASD
106
ARPKD is due to a mutation in what protein? What chromosome?
Fibrocystin 6
107
What murmur is VERY loud with harsh thrill at left lower sternal border?
VSD
109
What are the CD markers for Mantle cell lymphoma?
CD5, 19, 20(+) CD23 (-)
110
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma has what gene mutation? What major histo?
p53 Psammoma bodies
114
What brain tumor associated with Tuberous Sclerosis? Presents how? What other findings?
Sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytoma Non-communicating hydrocephalus Rhabdomyoma, angiofibromas of face, ash-leaf patch, shagreen's patches
116
What kidney stones look like rectangular prisms or Coffin lids?
AMP aka struvite stones
117
RS cells are what CD (+)?
15, 30
119
What kidney stone is elongated, wedge-shaped and forms rosettes?
Calcium phosphate
120
SLE class 4 has what special feature? Deposits of what where?
Wire loops Subendothelial IgG immune complexes
121
What are the sex cord-strom tumors?
Fibroma --> Meigs syndrome Granulosa cell tumor Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumor
123
Multiple myeloma sx? Use mneumonic
``` CRAB HyperCalcemia Renal Failure Anemia Bone ```
124
What are the following lab values for the following in hemochromatosis? Ferritin Serum Fe TIBC % saturation
Inc Inc Dec Inc
127
Infarction of the PCA causes what? What lobe?
Contralateral hemianopsia w/macular sparing Occipital
129
What makes HOCM murmur louder? Why?
Sitting to standing Valsalva Decreases venous return
130
Nephrotoxic Acute Tubular necrosis is bc of what?
Aminoglycosides, sulfa drugs, methicillin Or crush injury resulting in myoglobinuria
131
What HL is an old person w/poor prognosis?
Lymphocyte depleted
132
RCC can invade where on the left?
Left gonadal vein causing bag of worms feeling, will not get better when lying down
134
Menke's disease inheritance? Defective gene? Need Cu as a cofactor for what? What major sx?
X-linked ATP7A, cannot ABSORB copper Lysyl oxidase Hypothermia bc need Cu for ETC -->ATP
136
How to treat ATN w/hyperkalemia showing EKG changes? To correct HyperK do what?
Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride Insulin and glucose, beta 2 agonist, bicarbonate
141
What kidney stone has yellow or red-brown diamond or rhombus shape?
Uric acid
142
Parkinson Disease has what gene with what structures?
SNCA gene w/alpha-synuclein
143
What is Tdt(+)? What other (+) does it have which favors good prognosis?
ALL B-ALL CD19+
145
What is used to treat SLE? What SE?
Hydroxychloroquine Damage vision
146
FSGS has what common feature? Sx? Who is at highest risk?
Lipoprotein L1 Puffy and swollen, low albumin, high cholesterol AIDs pt --> collapsing form
147
What fungus is very common in diabetics, especially when they are in ketoacidosis? Affects what part of brain?
Mucor aka Rhizopus Frontal lobe
148
What organism has falling leaf motility?
Giardia
149
Treatment for Wilson's disease?
D-penicillamine Wilson's Dick
150
What causes pigmented bilirubin stones?
Hereditary spherocytosis | Ascending cholangitis from E coli, Ascaris, or Clnorchis sinensis
151
What kidney stone is flat, yellow and hexagonal?
Cysteine stone Ssssssix sides
152
Wernicke's is due to damage in what specific area?
Superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe
153
Oligodendroglioma is (+) for what? Microscopy show what? What has better prognosis?
GFAP chicken wire, fried egg (perinuclear halos) 1q and 19q deletions
154
What is the pathognomonic finding for chronic pyelonephritis?
Looks like thyroid tissue | Tubules are dilated and filled w/colloid
155
Dry Tap, big spleen and pancytopenia = what? (+) for what?
Hairy cell CD11c, 19, 20, 103
158
What is the presenting symptom of Goodpasture's? Tx?
Hemoptysis then smoky urine Steroids, cyclophosphamide
160
Who's at risk for getting hepatocellular adenoma? Presents how?
Young women who are on BCPs or pregnant AND male bodybuilders on steroids Abdominal pain
161
What parasite goes to the intestine and liver? Causes what? Spine located where?
Schistosoma mansoni Pipestem fibrosis Lateral side
164
Who is at risk to get HepE?
Pregnant women | People from developing countries (India)
165
How do you treat M3 AML? What translocation?
All trans retinoic acid T(15; 17) PML --> a-RAR on Zn finger
166
If pt has multiple ring-enhancing lesions on CT and you treat them but they are not improving at all, what do they most likely what?
NHL --> diffuse B-cell large Lymphoma
167
What murmur has diastolic blowing after S2?
AR
171
Russel bodies w/Mott cell and IgA that makes flame cells seen in what? Tx?
Multiple myeloma Bortizomib
172
Waxy casts seen in what?
Chronic glomerulonephritis
176
What hepatitis has morphology of ground glass appearance of hepatocytes, fuzzy cytoplasm?
HepB
178
What parasite can go to the bladder and cause squamous cell cancer? Spine located where?
Schistosoma haemotobium Tail
181
Anti-microsomes antibodies seen in what?
Hashimoto's
183
What has a M spike to due IgM
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma --> Waldenstrom's
184
Lesions to anterior spinal artery causes what? Called what?
C/L paralysis of UE and LE I/L CN 12 dysfunction (tongue deviates toward dysfunctional side) Medial medullary syndrome
185
CML shows what major features?
Wbc > 100,000 INCREASED basophils Biggest spleen ever
186
What shows a spike and dome appearance? Deposits located where? Associated with what other disease?
Membranous Subepithelial HepB
187
Degree of dementia in AD correlates to what? Seen on what stain?
NF tangles aka flame figures Silver stain
188
M.S. HLA? Treat w/what?
2 letters --> HLA-DR2 IFN-B, Natalizumab
189
CLL has what (+) CDs? What special finding?
5, 19, 20 Smudge cells
190
What microscopic findings will you see in alcoholic hepatitis?
Mallory bodies (ubiquinated cytokeratin) and hepatocyte swelling
191
What cancer is associated w/warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia which gives a + direct COOMBS test?
CLL
194
Which kidney stones look like the back of an envelope? How else is it described?
Calcium oxalate Octahedron w/square X in center
195
What RCC has a GOF in MET? What type has the best prognosis? Stains how?
Papillary Chromophobe, DARKLY
196
What hepatitis has fatty cytoplasm and lymphoid aggregates and follicles?
HepC
197
what is a neuroblastoma? Makes what? What mutation? Presents how?
Mal tumor of adrenal medulla Epi and NE N-myc amplification Myoclonus w/dancing eyes, bluberry muffin baby
198
RCC due to a VHL mutation causes what type? Microscopically has what pattern?
Clear cell (full of lipid and glycogen) Alveolar growth
203
Pilocytic Astrocytoma located where? What microscopic finding? Mutation in what? Tx how?
Posterior fossa (cerebellum) Rosenthal fibers BRAF Vermurafenib (Ser Thr kinase inhibitor)
204
What HS is AIN? What causes acute interstitial nephritis?
If Type 1 HS rxn, see eosinophils in urine, if not then Type 4 caused by methicillin and NSAIDs, other antibiotics
205
What are the characteristics of PSGN in nephritic syndrome? Elevated levels of what? IF shows what? Located where?
M12 serotype ASO titers and DNase B Granular deposits of IgG and complement Subepithelial ---> lumpy bumpy
207
C3 deficiency with silver stain nephrotic syndrome is what?
MPGN
208
What are the nephritic syndrome symptoms?
Hematuria (colo/tea-colored urine) Periorbital edema Azotemia and oliguria New onset HTN
209
What kidney stone is not viewable on xray?
Uric acid --> gout
211
Lesion to AICA causes what? Called what?
Facial droop same side Loss of pain and temp c/l side Lateral Pontine syndrome
214
What are the sx of Acute tubular injury? What type of casts are seen?
Oliguria and azotemia Metabolic acidosis Brown/muddy brown dirty casts
216
Arnold chiari type 1 is what? Type 2?
asymptomatic Faulty craniospinal junction, no room, cerebellum grows downward and 4th ventricle is CRUSHED
219
What is the main structure in the brain that is affected by AD?
Hippocampus, medial aspect of temporal lobe
223
Subfalcine hernia compresses what? What else? Sx?
Cingulate gyrus ACA C/L LE weakness
224
Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to what? Where is the bleeding located?
Ruptured berry aneurysm aka saccular aneurysm (#1 branch points in Ant. Circle of Willis) BASE of brain
226
MGPN type 1 deposits where? Type 2?
Subendothelial BM shows Dense Deposits
230
When a brain CT shows calcified frontal lobe mass presenting w/a seizure, what is dx?
Oligodendroglioma Leggo my EGGgo w/Fried Chicken
231
Rabies binds to ____ receptors and gets endocytosed into the nerve and travels ________ with this protein:
ACh Retrograde Dyenin
233
What causes syringomyelia? What structure is affected?
Dilated area in the spinal cord, mostly bc of Arnold Chiari Spinothalamic tract (pain/temp)
236
Arnold-chiari type 2 sx?
Obstructive NON-communicating hydrocephalus Inc. ICP HA
237
GBM shows what microscopic finding? What mutation has a good prognosis? Overall what is the prognosis?
Pseudopalisading necrosis IDH1 BAD
243
Dandy-Walker is what? Sx?
Missing cerebellum (roof of 4th ventricle), will have HUGE dilated 4th ventricle Ataxia My he's DANDY waLker...NOT
253
What is Charcot's triad? Reynaud's pentad?
Biliary colic, jaundice, high fever + hypotension and mental status change
256
AIDS pt dies w/scattered hemorrhages, think what? If they are abscesses?
Aspergillus Toxoplasmosis
257
PBC causes granulomas that block bile ducts in liver called what?
Florid duct lesion
258
Broca's is due to damage of what specific area?
Inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe
259
Eculizumab treats what? MOA?
PNH Knocks out C5 E is 5th letter of alphabet
260
What causes macronodular cirrhosis? What size is it? What causes micronodular?
Viral or Toxin, > 3mm Alcohol, everything else
262
Major causes of aseptic meningitis?
Enteroviruses: Polio Coxsackie A + B Echovirus
275
Hemochromatosis due to what gene mutation? Due to what substitutions? Liver stops making what? What sx?
HFE, C282Y or N63D Hepcidin Arthritis, diabetes, bronzing, arrhythmia, hypogonadism
287
Hyper-Vit A causes what sx?
Increased ICP | Pseudotumor
289
What has a central stellate scar, you do not have to resect and is found incidentally on CT, not a cancer?
Focal nodular hyperplasia

Board Prep (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions