Public Health Surveillance Flashcards
The goal of PHS is to provide ____ for creating effective control measures
data and interpretation
Flow of Surveillance Data
- Collection
- Collation
- Analysis/Interpretation
- Dissemination/Utilization
2 Key activities in public health
- Data Generation
- Interpretation
Complete the different objectives, data and systems
Detect Epidemics - Epidemic Response -______ - ________
Early warning information - Active Surveillance
Complete the different objectives, data and systems
________ - Program Monitoring -______ - Health Information
Monitor Intervention programs - program indicators
Complete the different objectives, data and systems
______ - ______ - Health Indicators - Health information
Monitor impact of policy change - Health policy
Complete the different objectives, data and systems
Monitor health system - ____ - _____ health information and management
resource allocation - administrative data
Ideal Characteristics of PHS
- Acceptability
- Flexibility
- Validity
- Quality
- Representativeness
- Stability
- Simplicity
- Timeliness
Reflects the willingness of individual person or organization to participate in surveillance
Acceptability
Refers to the ability of the method that is used for surveillance to accommodate changes in operating conditions or information needs with little additional cost in time, personnel, or funds
Flexibility
Refers to whether the surveillance systems are measuring what they are intended to measure
Validity
Completeness and the validity of data for surveillance
Quality
Extent to which the findings of a surveillance accurately portray the incidence of a health event among a population by person, place, or time.
Representativeness
Refers to the reliability of methods for obtaining and managing surveillance data, and to the availability of those data
Stability
Refers to the ease of operation of the surveillance as a whole, and each of its components
Simplicity
Refers to whether data are available rapidly enough for public health authorities to take appropriate action
Timeliness
Step which utilizes criteria for selecting and prioritizing health problems for surveillance
Identify, define, and measure the health problem of interest
Most important consideration in the selection and prioritization of the health problems/conditions/illnesses for surveillance
Public Health importance of the problem
Criteria which helps to Identify, define, and measure the health problem of interest
○ Public health importance of the problem
○ Ability to prevent, control, or treat
○ Capacity of health system to implement control measures for the health problem
○ Case Definitions for surveillance
Syndromic Surveillance is usually done in cases of ____
Outbreaks
Case definition that uses a set of less specific criteria
Syndromic surveillance
Health care providers send reports regarding a particular problem of interest to health departments on the basis of a known set of rules and regulations
Passive or active surveillance?
Passive
Health departments contact health care providers to solicit reports
Passive or Active surveillance?
Active
Surveillance which relies on a pre-arranged sample of health care providers who agree to report all cases of certain conditions
Sentinel Surveillance
Most common person characteristics
- Age
- Sex
- Race and ethnicity
Data received as text: sorted, categorized, coded
Data from surveys: ____
Weighed
Purpose of analysis by time
To characterize trends and to detect changes in disease incidence
In analysis by place, rates are often calculated by ________
adjusting for differences in population size
Aggregated reports from PIDSR are incorporated into the annual morbidity report of the _____
Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS)
The creation of PIDSR was created to comply with the ______
2005 International Health Regulations (IHR)
Surveillance systems under PIDSR
- Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NDRS)
- National Epidemic Sentinel Surveillance System (NESS)
- Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Surveillance System
- HIV-AIDS Registry
This surveillance system generated information on 17 diseases and 7 syndromes (Notifiable conditions)
NDRS
Hospital-based surveillance system that yields
information on admitted cases of diseases with outbreak potential
National Epidemic Sentinel Surveillance System (NESS)
Focuses on the monitoring of priority
vaccine-preventable diseases targeted for
eradication and elimination
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Surveillance System
Keeps track of the number of HIV-AIDs cases through a voluntary testing program
HIV-AIDS Registry
Approaches in surveillance
- Facility and community-based approaches
- Case-based data collection
A ____-based collection applies to diseases targeted for elimination and eradication and other priority disease as determined by health authorities
Intensive Case-based
A ____-based collection applies to other notifiable diseases
Line list case-based
