Prevention and Control Flashcards
Prevention is actions aimed at _______ the impact of disease and disability or if none of these is feasible, ____ of disease and disability
- eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing
- retarding the progress
Levels of Prevention
- Primordial
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
What is the aim of primordial prevention?
Create conditions that promote health and prevent emergence of risk factors before they occur
How is primordial prevention achieved?
Through public health policy and health promotion
Primary prevention prevent the onset of disease before it occurs by having interventions targeting _____
risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors
Secondary prevention reduces ____ of disease by shortening its duration
Prevalence
How is tertiary prevention achieved?
Rehabilitation
This is a concept in epidemiology that describes a situation in which a sufficient proportion of the population is immune to a contagious disease
Herd immunity
Herd immunity only applies to infections transmitted solely by ____
person-to-person spread
Which strategy is more invasive and expensive
A. Population-based
B. High-risk
B. High-risk
Adopting a population-based approach will shift the population mean of the risk factor to which direct?
A. Left
B. Right
A. Left
To control for the cases of hypertension in La Union, a mass-media campaign was implemented in all of the towns. Similarly, Pampanga also aimed to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by providing medical services to call center agents in all of the towns.
Which of the two provinces will see a greater shift in the population mean for the risk?
La Union
Hierarchy of Disease control
Control → Elimination → Eradication
Disease elimination: defined geographical area
Disease eradication: _____
worldwide
Models of Disease causation
- Epidemiologic Triad
- Chain of Infection
- Rothman’s sufficient-component cause model
Ability of the agent to cause disease
Pathogenicity
Ability of the agent to cause infection in a susceptible host
Infectivity
Disease- evoking power of a microorganism in a given host
Virulence
Capacity of agent to produce toxin/poison
Toxigenicity
Ability of agent to survive adverse environmental conditions
Resistance
Ability of agent to induce antibody production in host
Antigenicity
An infection’s ability to produce specific immunity
Immunogenicity
Chain of infection is composed of ___ links. Enumerate the links
- Infectious agent
- Reservoirs
- Portal of Exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of Entry
- Susceptible host
Isolation and quarantine are common public health strategies to help prevent spread of a _____
highly contagious disease
Which strategy is used to separate apparently healthy persons with possible exposures to the disease agent during the incubation period of the disease?
Quarantine
Which strategy is employed to separate persons with the communicable disease during the infectious period?
Isolation
5 risk factors that the WHO recognized which increases risk of almost 2/3 of NCD
○ Tobacco use
○ Harmful use of alcohol
○ Unhealthy diets
○ Physical inactivity
○ Air pollution
