Public Health Policy

Question 1

Public Health Act 1848

Answer 1

1st legislation, government accepting some liability. Chadwick. Created local boards of health controlling water/sewage/streets and slaughterhouses

Question 2

Beveridge Report 1942

Answer 2

Proposed welfare state adopted by labour party. 5 things affecting working class: want,disease,ignorance, squalor and idleness therefore proposed nationalised healthcare, expanded state education, national insurance and new housing policy

Question 3

National Health Service act 1946

Answer 3

Services free at point of use, financed through central taxation, everyone eligible even those visiting.

Question 4

National Health Service since 1948

Answer 4

Bevan - Moral leadership of the world. From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs as a patient. Increased female life expectancy by 9 years and reduced child mortality in under 1s by 28 deaths per 1000

Question 5

Black report - 1980

Answer 5

Poorer health experience of lower occupational classes - greater than comparison countries and becoming more marked, Made 37 recommendations inc readdressing balance of healthcare system to emphasise preventative measures, primary care and community health, improving material conditions for poorer people particularly children and disabled.
Impact of this report shushed by thatcher - published just before bank how, very few copies available, no press conference

Question 6

Health Divide 1987

Answer 6

Updated evidence that socio-inequalities affects health and no progress has been made during thatcher because it would not be saving public money. Dismissed findings and disbanded HEC

Question 7

Acheson Inquiry/Public Health in England 1988

Answer 7

Defined Public health - “the science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life, and promoting health through the
organised efforts of society”.

Question 8

Health of the nation 1992

Answer 8

1st Health strategy - “to secure continuing improvement in the general
health of the population of England by: adding years to life…and adding life to years”
5 focuses: cancer, heart disease/stroke, mental illness, HIV/AIDS/SEX, Accidents.
H/E :( didn’t account socio-economic factors influences health, little to change to preventative measures

Question 9

Acheson report into inequalities in Health - 1998

Answer 9

Reenforces findings of black report but gap has widened. Recommendations this time acknowledges and contributed to new health strategies

Question 10

Saving Lives: our healthier nation - 1999

Answer 10

Aims to reduce health inequalities, England only, 4 key areas cancer, CHS, Mental Illness, Accidents.
“the social, economic and environmental factors
tending towards poor health are potent” – Stated a desire “to improve the health of
everyone; and the health of the worst off in
particular”.

Question 11

The NHS Plan - 2000

Answer 11

Redesign the health service around the needs
of the patient. Power to local health services, funding increased considerably. More doctors and nurses with extended roles, open to private providers

Question 12

Wanless Report 1. Securing our future health: long-term view 2002

Answer 12

“better public health measures could significantly affect the demand for health care”
wider benefits by increasing productivity and reducing inactivity in the working-age population
Balance was too focussed on the acute hospital setting.
3 future scenarios;
– Slow uptake – there is no change in the level of public
engagement (with their health)
– Solid progress – people become more engaged in relation to their health
– Fully engaged – levels of public engagement in relation to their health are high.