Central and Autonomous Nervous System - BB Quiz

Question 1

What fluid do the brain ventricles contain? A. cerebrospinal fluid B. extracellular fluid C. lymph D. plasma

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How much human brain weighs? 1400gms 1200gms 1 kg none

Answer 2

1400

Question 3

The fluid in the ventricles/sub-arachnoid space is found to contain substances such as glucose and urea. Consider the statements i) to iv) below. Indicate with which combination of statements you most closely agree. i) the fluid must be important in supplying nutrients to the brain and removing waste ii) the fluid cannot have a significant role in supplying nutrients to the brain and removing waste products iii) because nutrients and waste products are found in the fluid iv) because much of the brain is a long way from the ventricles/sub-arachnoid space but is well supplied with blood vessels

Answer 3

I + III

Question 4

One of the major functions of the hippocampus is: Control of body temperature Learning and memory Coordinating movement The seat of consciousness

Answer 4

Learning and Memory

Question 5

Which one of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? Control of the pituitary gland Control of spinal reflexes Homeostasis Instinctive behaviour

Answer 5

Control of Spinal Reflexes

Question 6

The caudate nucleus is important for the control of: pain sensation movement and memory blood sugar memory

Answer 6

Movement and Memory

Question 7

What joins two hemispheres of the brain none Corpus callosum Corpus leuteum Corpus band

Answer 7

Corpus Callosum

Question 8

A person with a severely damaged cerebellum suffers from an inability to learn a low heart rate high blood pressure a lack of coordination

Answer 8

A lack of coordination

Question 9

All the human organ systems work together to provide sensory information maintain homeostasis coordinate muscle movement process sensory information

Answer 9

Maintain homeostasis

Question 10

Identify the parts of a neuron

Answer 10

1. Axon terminals
2. Nodes of ranvier
3. Myelin sheath
4. Cell body/soma
5. Axon
6. Nucleus
7. Dendrite

Question 11

Selec the correct sequence of events from the list below that occur during the transmission of a nerve impulse

A. Neuron returns to rest.

B. Action potential continues to move along the axon.

C. Neuron is at rest

D. Neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment

E. Sodium gates open. Action potential occurs.

F. As the action potential passes, the potassium gates open.

Answer 11

C, D, E, F, B, A

Question 12

Sense organs are part of the

peripheral nervous system

central nervous system

autonomic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

Peripheral nervous system

Question 13

The impulse that travels along the nerve membrane is a (an)

action potential

resting potential

chemical current

electric current

Answer 13

Action potential

Question 14

The motor division of the peripheral nervous system connects the nervous system with the

muscles and sense organs

glands and sense organs

muscles and glands

spinal cord and muscles

Answer 14

Muscles and glands

Question 15

The movement of a nerve impulse along the length of a neuron is due to movement of

sodium and potassium ions along the cell membrane

neurotransmitters along the cell membrane

sodium and potassium ions through the cell membrane

neurotransmitters through the cell membrane

Answer 15

Sodium and potassium ions THROUGH the cell membrane

Question 16

The peripheral nervous system does NOT include

the spinal cord

sensory nerves

motor nerves

ganglia

Answer 16

The spinal cord

Question 17

Although the brain only represents 2% of the body weight, it uses ??% of the body’s total resting oxygen demand.

It uses 2.5%

It uses 5%

It uses 10%

It uses 15%

It uses 20%

Answer 17

20%

Question 18

At 70mV, the resting membrane potential of a cell and equilibrium potential for chloride ions, the neurotransmitter GABA

causes the influx of sodium ions

causes the influx of calcium ions

causes the influx of chloride ions

Causes no net change in membrane potential

causes a net depolarisation of the membrane

Answer 18

Causes no net change in membrane potential

Question 19

Choose one INCORRECT answer. The Ascending Reticular Activating System

sets the level of arousal

synchronises neuronal firing

sends information to the higher centres of the cortex

if damaged produces a comatose state

is located in the brain stem

Answer 19

Synchronises neuronal firing

Question 20

Choose one INCORRECT answer.The GABA-A receptor when activated

• allows the inward passage of chloride ions
• has a reversal potential around 70mV
• consists of five subunits
• usually depolarises the RMP
• can be blocked by picrotoxin

Answer 20

Usually depolarises the RMP

Question 21

Choose the INCORRECT answer. The resting membrane potential of a neurone

• depends on the relative permeabilities of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic ions is usually around 65mV.
• depends on the external concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic ions.
• is dependent ion the functioning of the sodium potassium ATPase pump
• is dependent on the frequency the neurone fires action potentials.

Answer 21

is dependent on the frequency the neurone fires action potentials.

Question 22

Link the type of imaging to the radiation used:

A.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

B. Positron emission tomography (PET)

C. Computerised axial tomography (CAT)

D.Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Uses X-rays

Uses inhaled or radioactive material

Uses radiofrequency signals

Answer 22

Uses X-rays = C. Computerised axial tomography (CAT)

Uses inhaled or radioactive material = B. Positron emission tomography (PET)

Uses radiofrequency signals = A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 23

D-Tubocurarine blocks transmission at the neuromuscular junction by:-

• inhibiting transmitter release
• preventing reuptake into the presynaptic terminal
• causing a depolarising block of postsynaptic receptors
• causing a non-depolarising block of postsynaptic receptors
• by enhancing enzymic breakdown of transmitter

Answer 23

causing a non-depolarising block of postsynaptic receptors

Question 24

Match the statements:

The region of the brain responsible for ‘smoothing out’ voluntary movements

In order to perceive touch, the sensory neurones from the skin transmit information to

The region of the brain associated with vision

A. the sensory cortex

B. the cerebellum

C. the premotor cortex

D. the basal ganglia nuclei

E. the occipital cortex

Answer 24

The region of the brain responsible for ‘smoothing out’ voluntary movements = D. the basal ganglia nuclei

In order to perceive touch, the sensory neurones from the skin transmit information to = A. the sensory cortex

The region of the brain associated with vision = E. the occipital cortex

Question 25

Most of the fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres are found in: * The midbrain * The hippocampus * The corpus callosum * The central sulcus * The thalamus

Answer 25

Corpus Callosum

Question 26

Nerve fibres that conduct impulses from peripheral sensors are called? * polysynaptic * crossed * motor * afferent * efferent

Answer 26

Afferent

Question 27

Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea are neurological condidtions which affect the region of the brain known as the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 27

Basal ganglia

Question 28

Select the area of the brain that best fits the descriptor: * Structure in the brain that is important in the control of homeostasis * Relays sensory information from the spinal cord to the appropriate cortical areas * Considered to be the 'guidance system' in voluntary motor control * Is primarily responsible for the motor control of the major muscle groups of the trunk * Responsible for fine motor control of the extremities A. Extra-pyramidal system B. Pyramidal system C. Amygdala D. Cerebrum E. Thalamus F. Basal ganglia G. Cerebellum H. Hypothalamus

Answer 28

Structure in the brain that is important in the control of homeostasis = H. Hypothalamus Relays sensory information from the spinal cord to the appropriate cortical areas = E. Thalamus Considered to be the 'guidance system' in voluntary motor control = G. Cerebellum Is primarily responsible for the motor control of the major muscle groups of the trunk = A. Extra-pyramidal system Responsible for fine motor control of the extremities = B. Pyramidal system

Question 29

THe term _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to describe the ability of neurones to modulate their synaptic strength in response to changes in activity patterns.

Answer 29

Synaptic plasticity

Question 30

The Goldmann equation can be used to calculate * the reversal potential of a single ion * the threshold potential for action potential firing * the peak of the action potential * the resting membrane potential. * the degree of hyperpolarisation following and action potential

Answer 30

RMP

Question 31

The Nernst equation can be used to calculate * the reversal potential of a single ion * the threshold potential for action potential firing * the peak of the action potential * the resting membrane potential * the degree of hyperpolarisation following and action potential

Answer 31

Reversal potential of a single ion

Question 32

The blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from blood borne toxins, relies principally on the ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ between the capillary endothelial cells found in the central nervous system.

Answer 32

Tight junctions

Question 33

The concentration of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction may be increased by administration of * Tubocurarine * Neostigmine * Suxamethonium * Botulinum toxin * Decamethonium

Answer 33

Neostigmine

Question 34

The corpus callosum connects * the Ascending Reticular Activating System to the cerebral cortex * the left and right cerebral hemispheres * connects the cerebellum to the basal ganglia * the amygdala to the periaqueductal grey * the temporal to the parietal lobe

Answer 34

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 35

The equilibrium potential of a single ion i) can be calculated by the Goldmann equation ii) is equivalent to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the cell iii) is where the concentration gradient is equal to the electrical gradient iv) is the potential where there would be no net current flow v) is where all channels are closed ii & iv only i, ii & iv only iii and iv only iv only i, ii, iv, v only

Answer 35

iii + iv

Question 36

The hippocampus is associated principally with which of the following? * learning and memory * homeostatic reflexes * organisation of voluntary movement * control of circadian rhythms * communication between the two lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 36

Learning and memory

Question 37

The occipital cortex contains which one of the following: * primary motor cortex * motor association area * auditory area * visual association area * sensory association area

Answer 37

Visual association area

Question 38

The occipital cortex is associated with? * Smell * Taste * Vision * Hearing * Skeletal muscle movement

Answer 38

Vision

Question 39

The presence of myelin allows the axon to * conduct more action potentials * conduct axon potentials faster * produce action potentials of larger amplitude * produce action potentials with greater frequency * produce action potentials of longer duration

Answer 39

Conduct action potentials faster

Question 40

The primary role of the thalamus is * to integrate incoming sensory information * to control body temperature * to regulate circadian rhythms * to refine and coordinate movement * to monitor satiety

Answer 40

Integrate incoming sensory information

Question 41

The principal energy source of the brain is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 41

Glucose