Central and Autonomous Nervous System - BB Quiz Flashcards
What fluid do the brain ventricles contain? A. cerebrospinal fluid B. extracellular fluid C. lymph D. plasma
A
How much human brain weighs? 1400gms 1200gms 1 kg none
1400
The fluid in the ventricles/sub-arachnoid space is found to contain substances such as glucose and urea. Consider the statements i) to iv) below. Indicate with which combination of statements you most closely agree. i) the fluid must be important in supplying nutrients to the brain and removing waste ii) the fluid cannot have a significant role in supplying nutrients to the brain and removing waste products iii) because nutrients and waste products are found in the fluid iv) because much of the brain is a long way from the ventricles/sub-arachnoid space but is well supplied with blood vessels
I + III
One of the major functions of the hippocampus is: Control of body temperature Learning and memory Coordinating movement The seat of consciousness
Learning and Memory
Which one of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? Control of the pituitary gland Control of spinal reflexes Homeostasis Instinctive behaviour
Control of Spinal Reflexes
The caudate nucleus is important for the control of: pain sensation movement and memory blood sugar memory
Movement and Memory
What joins two hemispheres of the brain none Corpus callosum Corpus leuteum Corpus band
Corpus Callosum
A person with a severely damaged cerebellum suffers from an inability to learn a low heart rate high blood pressure a lack of coordination
A lack of coordination
All the human organ systems work together to provide sensory information maintain homeostasis coordinate muscle movement process sensory information
Maintain homeostasis
Identify the parts of a neuron
- Axon terminals
- Nodes of ranvier
- Myelin sheath
- Cell body/soma
- Axon
- Nucleus
- Dendrite
Selec the correct sequence of events from the list below that occur during the transmission of a nerve impulse
A. Neuron returns to rest.
B. Action potential continues to move along the axon.
C. Neuron is at rest
D. Neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment
E. Sodium gates open. Action potential occurs.
F. As the action potential passes, the potassium gates open.
C, D, E, F, B, A
Sense organs are part of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
The impulse that travels along the nerve membrane is a (an)
action potential
resting potential
chemical current
electric current
Action potential
The motor division of the peripheral nervous system connects the nervous system with the
muscles and sense organs
glands and sense organs
muscles and glands
spinal cord and muscles
Muscles and glands
The movement of a nerve impulse along the length of a neuron is due to movement of
sodium and potassium ions along the cell membrane
neurotransmitters along the cell membrane
sodium and potassium ions through the cell membrane
neurotransmitters through the cell membrane
Sodium and potassium ions THROUGH the cell membrane
The peripheral nervous system does NOT include
the spinal cord
sensory nerves
motor nerves
ganglia
The spinal cord
Although the brain only represents 2% of the body weight, it uses ??% of the body’s total resting oxygen demand.
It uses 2.5%
It uses 5%
It uses 10%
It uses 15%
It uses 20%
20%
At 70mV, the resting membrane potential of a cell and equilibrium potential for chloride ions, the neurotransmitter GABA
causes the influx of sodium ions
causes the influx of calcium ions
causes the influx of chloride ions
Causes no net change in membrane potential
causes a net depolarisation of the membrane
Causes no net change in membrane potential
Choose one INCORRECT answer. The Ascending Reticular Activating System
sets the level of arousal
synchronises neuronal firing
sends information to the higher centres of the cortex
if damaged produces a comatose state
is located in the brain stem
Synchronises neuronal firing
Choose one INCORRECT answer.The GABA-A receptor when activated
- allows the inward passage of chloride ions
- has a reversal potential around 70mV
- consists of five subunits
- usually depolarises the RMP
- can be blocked by picrotoxin
Usually depolarises the RMP
Choose the INCORRECT answer. The resting membrane potential of a neurone
- depends on the relative permeabilities of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic ions is usually around 65mV.
- depends on the external concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic ions.
- is dependent ion the functioning of the sodium potassium ATPase pump
- is dependent on the frequency the neurone fires action potentials.
is dependent on the frequency the neurone fires action potentials.
Link the type of imaging to the radiation used:
A.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B. Positron emission tomography (PET)
C. Computerised axial tomography (CAT)
D.Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Uses X-rays
Uses inhaled or radioactive material
Uses radiofrequency signals
Uses X-rays = C. Computerised axial tomography (CAT)
Uses inhaled or radioactive material = B. Positron emission tomography (PET)
Uses radiofrequency signals = A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D-Tubocurarine blocks transmission at the neuromuscular junction by:-
- inhibiting transmitter release
- preventing reuptake into the presynaptic terminal
- causing a depolarising block of postsynaptic receptors
- causing a non-depolarising block of postsynaptic receptors
- by enhancing enzymic breakdown of transmitter
causing a non-depolarising block of postsynaptic receptors
Match the statements:
The region of the brain responsible for ‘smoothing out’ voluntary movements
In order to perceive touch, the sensory neurones from the skin transmit information to
The region of the brain associated with vision
A. the sensory cortex
B. the cerebellum
C. the premotor cortex
D. the basal ganglia nuclei
E. the occipital cortex
The region of the brain responsible for ‘smoothing out’ voluntary movements = D. the basal ganglia nuclei
In order to perceive touch, the sensory neurones from the skin transmit information to = A. the sensory cortex
The region of the brain associated with vision = E. the occipital cortex
Most of the fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres are found in:
- The midbrain
- The hippocampus
- The corpus callosum
- The central sulcus
- The thalamus
Corpus Callosum
Nerve fibres that conduct impulses from peripheral sensors are called?
- polysynaptic
- crossed
- motor
- afferent
- efferent
Afferent
Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s chorea are neurological condidtions which affect the region of the brain known as the_________ _________.
Basal ganglia
Select the area of the brain that best fits the descriptor:
- Structure in the brain that is important in the control of homeostasis
- Relays sensory information from the spinal cord to the appropriate cortical areas
- Considered to be the ‘guidance system’ in voluntary motor control
- Is primarily responsible for the motor control of the major muscle groups of the trunk
- Responsible for fine motor control of the extremities
A. Extra-pyramidal system
B. Pyramidal system
C. Amygdala
D. Cerebrum
E. Thalamus
F. Basal ganglia
G. Cerebellum
H. Hypothalamus
Structure in the brain that is important in the control of homeostasis = H. Hypothalamus
Relays sensory information from the spinal cord to the appropriate cortical areas = E. Thalamus
Considered to be the ‘guidance system’ in voluntary motor control = G. Cerebellum
Is primarily responsible for the motor control of the major muscle groups of the trunk = A. Extra-pyramidal system
Responsible for fine motor control of the extremities = B. Pyramidal system
THe term _________ __________ is used to describe the ability of neurones to modulate their synaptic strength in response to changes in activity patterns.
Synaptic plasticity
The Goldmann equation can be used to calculate
- the reversal potential of a single ion
- the threshold potential for action potential firing
- the peak of the action potential
- the resting membrane potential.
- the degree of hyperpolarisation following and action potential
RMP
The Nernst equation can be used to calculate
- the reversal potential of a single ion
- the threshold potential for action potential firing
- the peak of the action potential
- the resting membrane potential
- the degree of hyperpolarisation following and action potential
Reversal potential of a single ion
The blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from blood borne toxins, relies principally on the ________ _________ between the capillary endothelial cells found in the central nervous system.
Tight junctions
The concentration of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction may be increased by administration of
- Tubocurarine
- Neostigmine
- Suxamethonium
- Botulinum toxin
- Decamethonium
Neostigmine
The corpus callosum connects
- the Ascending Reticular Activating System to the cerebral cortex
- the left and right cerebral hemispheres
- connects the cerebellum to the basal ganglia
- the amygdala to the periaqueductal grey
- the temporal to the parietal lobe
Right and left cerebral hemispheres
The equilibrium potential of a single ion
i) can be calculated by the Goldmann equation
ii) is equivalent to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the cell
iii) is where the concentration gradient is equal to the electrical gradient
iv) is the potential where there would be no net current flow
v) is where all channels are closed
ii & iv only
i, ii & iv only
iii and iv only
iv only
i, ii, iv, v only
iii + iv
The hippocampus is associated principally with which of the following?
- learning and memory
- homeostatic reflexes
- organisation of voluntary movement
- control of circadian rhythms
- communication between the two lobes of the cerebrum
Learning and memory
The occipital cortex contains which one of the following:
- primary motor cortex
- motor association area
- auditory area
- visual association area
- sensory association area
Visual association area
The occipital cortex is associated with?
- Smell
- Taste
- Vision
- Hearing
- Skeletal muscle movement
Vision
The presence of myelin allows the axon to
- conduct more action potentials
- conduct axon potentials faster
- produce action potentials of larger amplitude
- produce action potentials with greater frequency
- produce action potentials of longer duration
Conduct action potentials faster
The primary role of the thalamus is
- to integrate incoming sensory information
- to control body temperature
- to regulate circadian rhythms
- to refine and coordinate movement
- to monitor satiety
Integrate incoming sensory information
The principal energy source of the brain is ______________?
Glucose
