Healthcare Flashcards
What is the WHO definition of health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the major limitation of the WHO definition of health
“complete” would mean that most of us would be classed as unhealthy most of the time
How have disease patterns changed since 1948?
1948 acute diseases presented the main burden of illness and chronic diseases led to early death
Public health measures such as improved nutrition, hygiene, and sanitation and more powerful healthcare interventions has created a shift in the number of people living, and ageing with chronic conditions
What is the effect of the increase in the number of people living with long-term health conditions (according to Huber)?
It minimises the role of the human capacity to cope autonomously with life’s ever changing physical, emotional, and social challenges and to function with fulfilment and a feeling of wellbeing with a chronic disease or disability
What are health disparities?
Differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions and health status between groups
What groups are most affected by health disparities?
Groups marginalized because of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, disability status, geographic location
When are health disparities referred to as health inequalities?
When they are the result of the systematic and unjust distribution of these critical conditions
Define health equality (Brennan Et al 2008 pp8)
When everyone has the opportunity to “attain their full health potential” and no one is “disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other sociallydeterminedcircumstance.”
What behavioural and social issues impact health?
Smoking, diet, nutrition and alcohol (which together account for many CHD and cancer deaths), poor diet leading to obesity (reducing life expectancy) or alternatively malnutrition, lack of physical exercise, sexual behaviour (for example, leading to infection or teenage pregnancy), and problems resulting from drug taking.
What are the protective factors listed in Labronte’s Community development approach to health promotion?
- Safe physical environments
- Supportive economic and social conditions
- Regular supply of nutritious food and Water
- Restricted access to tobacco and drugs
- Healthy public policy and organisational Practice
- Provision for meaningful, paid Employment
- Provision of affordable housing
What psychosocial factors are protective to health?
- Participation in civic activities and social engagement
- Strong social networks
- Feeling of trust
- Feeling of power and control over life decisions
- Supportive family structure
- Positive self-esteem
What effective health services are protective to health?
- Provision of preventative services
- Access to culturally appropriate health services
- Community participation in the planning and delivery of health services
What lifestyles are protective to health?
- Decreased use of tobacco and drugs
- Regular physical activity
- Balanced nutritional intake
- Positive mental health
- Safe sexual activity
What conditions are a risk to health?
- Poverty
- Low social status
- Dangerous work
- Polluted environment
- Natural resource depletion
- Discrimination (age, sex, race, disability)
- Steep power hierarchy (wealth, status, authority) within a community and workplace
What psychosocial factors are a risk to health?
- Poverty
- Low social status
- Dangerous work
- Polluted environment
- Natural resource depletion
- Discrimination (age, sex, race, disability)
- Steep power hierarchy (wealth, status, authority) within a community and workplace