Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the sequence of events that takes place in puberty in females

A
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2
Q

Describe the sequence of events that takes place in puberty in males

A
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3
Q

What scale is used to describe the stags of puberty?

A

The Tanner Scale

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4
Q

What role does oestrogen play in somatic growth?

A

Oestrogen closes the epiphyseal growth plates of long bones in both sexes

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5
Q

With regards to oestrogen, why are boys usually taller than girls?

A
  • Oestrogen needed to close growth plates
  • Lower levels of oestrogen in boys vs girls means it takes longer for growth plates to fuse
  • Meaning more time for growth
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6
Q

What is aromatisation?

A

The conversion of testosterone to oestrogen

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7
Q

What weight is deemed critical in girls for menarche to begin?

A

47 kg

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8
Q

How can precocious puberty lead to altered adult height?

A

Precocious puberty causes oesterogen levels rising earlier → growth plates fuse earlier → results in short stature

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9
Q

Identify the hormones at each stage of the HPG axis

A
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10
Q

In what manner is GnRH released from the Hypothalmus?

A

Pulsatile manner, synchronised with external signals

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11
Q

How can pineal tumours cause precocious puberty?

A

Pineal gland is closely located to the hypothalmus

A pineal gland tumour can cause compression of the hypothalmus wich stimulates GnRH early

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12
Q

Why might precocious puberty be stimulated by intra cranial pathology such as meningitis?

A

Meningitis can stimulate the hypothalmus to release GnRH

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13
Q

How might you delay precocious puberty?

A

Give constant (not pulsatile) GnRH to densnsitise GnRH receptors and delay puberty

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14
Q

When are levels of LH and FSH highest?

A

During sleep

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15
Q

Why are testosterone levels highest in the morning?

A
  1. GnRH is released highest levels at night
  2. Acts on anterior pituitary to release LH &FSH
  3. LH stimulates Leydig cells of testes to produce Testosterone
  4. As this happens at night, levels will be highest in the morning
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16
Q

There are 2 different cell types of an ovary, which cell type responds to LH and which responds to FSH

A

Granulosa cells = respond to FSH

Theca cells = respond to LH

17
Q

How does the level of oestrogen/ progesterone alter negative feedback on GnRH production?

A
  1. Low oestrogen → negative feedback on GnRH
  2. High oestrogen → positive feedback on GnRH causing LH surge
  3. High oestrogen & Progesterone → prevents + feedback meaning no LH surge
18
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

Inhibin secretreted from granulosa cells of corpus luteum and inhibits FSH

19
Q

How does Leptin affect the HPG axis?

A

Leptin feeds back to CNS information on energy stores

Regulates secretion on GnRH