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Neuroendocrine Exam 1 > Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity (Wright) > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity (Wright) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the bony parts of the external nose

A

nasal bones

frontal process of maxilla

nasal part of the frontal bone and nasal spine

bony part of nasal septum

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2
Q

Describe the cartilagenous part of the external nose

A

2 lateral cartilages

2 alar cartialges

septal cartilage (nasal septum)

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3
Q

Describe the Nasal Cavity

A

Entirely lined by nasal mucosa, except for the vestibule (considered external)

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4
Q

Describe the nasal mucosa

A

connected to periosteum and perichondrium within the nasal cavity

The areas lined with nasal mucosa consistute the respiratory area (inferior 2/3) and the olfactory area (superior 1/3)

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5
Q

Describe the olfactory area of the nasal cavity

A

specialized nasal mucosa that contains the peripheral nerve endings from the olfactor nerve (CN I) doe special sense olfaction (smell)

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

Roof: frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Floor: palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone

Medial wall: Nasal septum

Lateral wall: superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

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7
Q

What are the four passages of the nasal conchae?

A
  1. spheno-ethmoidal recess, Sphenoid Sinus opening
  2. superior nasal meatus, Ethmoidal Sinus opening
  3. middle nasal meatus, Frontal Sinus opening
  4. Inferior nasal meatus, Nasal Lacrimal Duct opening
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8
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus open into?

A

into the middle nasal meatus in posterior part of the semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium (below ethmoid bulla)

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9
Q

Most of the blood to the nasal cavity is supplied by these branches of the maxillary artery:

and from these branches of the facial:

A

sphenopalatine

anterior and posterior ethmoidal

greater palatine

  • superior labial*
  • lateral nasal branches*
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10
Q

What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity

A

sphenopalatine

facial

ophthalmic veins

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11
Q

What is Kiesselbach area?

A

Where all five arteries in the nasal cavity come together in a capillary bed and they like to bleed profusely

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12
Q

Describe the Maxillary Sinus

A

largest

drains via the maxillary ostium into middle meatus

arterial supply-superior alveolar branches of maxillary and greater palatine

innervation-superior alveolar nerve branches V2

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13
Q

Describe the Ethmoid Sinus

A

air cells located between orbits

  • anterior and middle cells* drain into middle meatus
  • posterior cells* drain into superior meatus

Artery: ethmoidal artery (from ophthalmic)

Nerve: nasocilliary n.

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14
Q

Describe the Sphenoid Sinus

A

unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum

drains via spheno-ethmoidal recess

Artery: posterior ethmoidal a.

Nerve: posteiror ethmoidal n. V1

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15
Q

Describe the frontal sinus

A

between outer and inner tables of frontal bones, posterior to supercilliary arches

drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus

Artery: supraorbital and anterior ethmoidal

Nerve: supraorbital N (from V1)

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16
Q

What are the borders of the Pterygopalatine fossa?

Anterior:

Posterior:

Medial:

Lateral:

Roof:

Floor:

A

maxillary tuberosity

pterygoid process of sphenoid

perpendicular plate of palatine b.

infratemporal fossa via pterogomaxillary fissure

greater wing of sphenoid

pyramidal process of palatine b.

17
Q

What are the openings of the Pterygopalatine Fossa?

Superior:

Inferior:

A

inferior orbital fissure

palatine foramen

18
Q

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

maxillary n (V2)

pterygopalatine ganglion

third part of maxillary a.

19
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure (via pterygopalatine fossa)

A

Nerves:

infraorbital

zygomatic

orbital branches from V2

Vessels:

Infraorbital a.

inferior ophthalmic v.

20
Q

What travels through the foramen rotundum (via te pterygopalatine fossa)?

A

maxillary n.

21
Q

What travels through the pterygoid canal (via ptergopalatine fossa)

A

n. of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal n.)

A. of pterygoid canal

22
Q

What travels through the greater and lesser palatine canals (via the ptergopalatine fossa)?

A

greater palatine artery and n., descending palatine a.

lesser palatine artery and nerve

23
Q

What passes throug the sphenopalatine foramen (via the pterygopalatine fossa)

A

nerves: branches from nasopalatine (from V2)

sphenopalatine a.

24
Q

Describe the branching of the maxillary nerve within the pterygopalatine fossa

This branching pattern brings post-ganglionic parasympathetic info from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland

A

Maxillary Nerve (V3) branches into the pterygopalatine n. and zygomatic n.

Zygomatic N. branches into Zygomaticofacial and Zygomaticotemporal

Zygomaticotemporal N. has a communicating branch that conveys parasympathetic fibers to a lacrimal N. (from V1)

25
Q

Where are the parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine fibers from?

What does the greater petrosal n. become?

A

they are from the facial nerve via the greater petrosal n.

greater petrosal n. joins deep petrosal n. to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal

the parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal n. supply pterygopalatine ganglion

26
Q

Where do the postsynaptic sympathetic fibers of the pterygopalatine fossa come from?

A

the deep petrosal n. arises from the internal carotid plexus and conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which joins maxillary n. via pterygopalatine ganglion (But does not synapse there)

presynaptic sympathetic fibers are from the superior cervical ganglion

27
Q

Know how to identify all of these structures

A
28
Q

Pterygopalatine Part of Maxillary A.

Descending Palatine A.

Branches and Parts

A

Greater and Lesser Palatine A.

Hard Palate, Soft Palate, tonsil, pharyngeal wall

29
Q

Pterygopalatine Part of Maxillary A.

Posteriosuperior alveolar a.

infraorbital a.

A. of pterygoid canal

A

maxillary molars, max. sinus, ginigva

maxillary alveoli

canal

30
Q

Pterygopalatine Part of Maxillary A.

Sphenopalatine A.

A

lateral posterior nasal a and posterior septal branches

serve the lateral wall of nasal cavity/conchae and nasal septum

Neuroendocrine Exam 1 (22 decks)

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