20. Oral Cavity and Pharynges (Wright) Flashcards
Explain the innervation of the tongue.
Posterior ⅓, both sensation AND taste = glossopharyngeal.
Anterior ⅔ taste = facial
Anterior ⅔ sensory = lingual (branch of the mandibular N. [branch of CN V])
Movement for the entire tongue = hypoglossal
Parasympathetic axons in what nerve stimulates parotid salivary secretions?
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
Parasympathetic axons in what cranial nerve stimulates salivary secretion in the sublingual and submandibular gland?
Facial N
What stimulates mucus secretion from the sublingual gland?
Sympathetic fibers from the cervical ganglia.
What nerve can be found deep to the palatine tonsil?
The glossopharyngeal N.
What three muscles depress the torus tubarius and open the eustachian tube?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor.
Tensor veli palatini.
Levator veli palatini.
What happens if the tensor veli palatini or levator veli palatini are paralyzed?
What nerves innervate them?
Oral contents will reflux into the oral cavity or auditory tube dysfunction
Levator veli palatini is the laryngeal branch of the vagus N.
Tensor veli palatini is medial pterygoid (a branch of V3 — off of the trigeminal)
Describe neural control of saliva secretions
- parasympathetic axons in CN IX stimulate parotid salivary gland secretions
- parasympathetic axons in CN VII stimulate submandibular and sublingual salivary gland secretions
- Sympathetic stimulation from cervical ganglia stimulates mucus secretions
Structure/Location of Parotid
Type of secretion
Percentage of saliva
largest, anteroinferior to ear
only serous
25-30%
Structure/location of Submandibular
types of secretion
percentage of saliva
medial to mandibular angle, opens lateral to lingual frenulum
mucous and serous
60-70%
Structure and location of salivary glands
types of secretions
percentage of saliva
smallest, inferior to tongue, opens into floor of oral cavity
mucous and serous
3-5% of all saliva
What does the periodontal Ligament assist in?
maintaining health of alveolar bone. When tooth is lost, the periodontal L. is lost and leads to bone loss
glossopharyngeal nerve does what reflex?
vagal nerve does what reflex?
gag
cough/vomit
All pharyngeal constrictors innervated by what?
vagus N.
stylopharyngeus is glossopharyngeal N.
What are Waldyer’s Ring?
Waldyer’s lymphatic ring is composed of palatine, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils
Drain to deep cervical lymph nodes
the glossopharyngeal nerve is deep to what structure?
Both of these arteries serve which palatine tonsils
palatine tonsil
tonsillar branch of ascending artery
tonsillar branch of facial artery
Tensor veli palatini important function?
tenses soft palate and acts on pharyngotympnic tube for depressurizing middle ear (CN V3)
like popping ears on an airplane by swallowing
Levator Veli Palatini important function?
elevates the tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube
CN X, pharyngeal plexus
Describe stage one of swallowing
Voluntary
bolus is compressed against palate and pushed from mouth into oropharynx by movement of tongue and soft palate
Describe stage 2 of swallowing
- involuntary and rapid
- soft palate is elevated, seals off nasopharynx from oro and laryngopharyx
- pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus as suprahyoid and pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating larynx
describe stage 3 of swallowing
involuntary, contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles force food inferiorly into esophagus
What does the pharyngeal plexus provide innervation for?
sensory innervation of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx from CN IX and X, respectively
nasopharyngeal above the auditory tube and the torus tubarious is innervated by V2
Motor to all of these structures is vagus, except stylopharyngeus
