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Neuroendocrine Exam 1 > Physiology of ANS (Karius) > Flashcards

Physiology of ANS (Karius) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

Relays sensory (Afferent) info from the skin to the CNS, specifically the spinal cord.

In the spinal cord, the afferent fiber synapses with a motor neuron that innervates the muscle that is being stimulated (by fire, AH!)

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2
Q

How does an autonomic visceral reflex arc happen?

A

stimuli from:

visual/auditory cues

baroreceptors

stretch receptors

chemoreceptors

etc.

Key: processed in the hypothalamus instead of the spinal cord

goes in by afferent neuron, comes out via ANS

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3
Q

Describe the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons in the autonomic reflex arc

A

presynaptic neuron: cell body is in the CNS, terminates as ganglion in periphery

postsynaptic neuron: cell body is in the ganglion, terminates in the organ

Thus: Two synapses, one in the ganglion, and one in the organ

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4
Q

The first synapse between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is where?

A

in the ganglion!

essentially, the same between sympathetic and parasymapthetic systems

The presynaptic axon releases Ach at its synapses between the pre and post synaptic neurons

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5
Q

What is the postsynaptic neuron expressing at the postsynaptic membrane?

A

nicotinic cholinergic receptors!

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6
Q

The second synapse between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is located where?

A

At the end organ!

it is different depending on if you are talking about sympathetic or parasympathetic

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7
Q

What is significant about vericosities?

A

They contain all of the components of the presynaptic terminal (vesicles with NTMs, mitochondria, etc) and work the same way as the presynaptic terminal of the NMJ, but they are in the second synapse of the autonomic NS.

The postsynaptic side has ligand gated receptors that are more spread out, not clustered in teh presynaptic terminal.

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8
Q

What NTM is released from postsynaptic axon at the end organ?

What does it bind to?

A

ACh

muscarinic cholinergic receptor on the target cells

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9
Q

What is significant about muscarinic receptors?

A
  • Ach binds and activates these receptors
  • Exogenous muscarine binds to them, but does not activate nicotinic receptors, and nicotine does not activate muscarinic receptors
  • part of the metabotropic (serpentine) family of receptors with second messenger systems
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10
Q

Describe M1R

A

Found in the CNS, not autonomic, plays a role in memory

increases salivary secretion

aids stomach secretion

Gq/11, increases IC Ca

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11
Q

Describe M3R

A

Smooth muscle cell contraction

Exocrine gland secretion

Gq/11, increases IC Ca

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12
Q

Describe M5R

Describe M4R

A

Found in CNS

role unclear

Role unclear

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13
Q

Describe M2R

A

Cardiac-slows heart rate works on SA node

Gi/o, K+ leaves cell, repolarizes/hyperpolarizes cell, that’s how it slows HR.

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14
Q

What effect must M2R have on K channels in order to slow the heart rate

A
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15
Q

sympathetic NTM released from the postsynaptic neuron on the end organ is?

What does it bind to?

A

Norepinephrine

Adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

What is special about adrenergic receptors?

A

member of serpentine family of receptors

has second messenger systems that are activated upon norepi. or epi. binding to them

two classes: alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic

17
Q

Describe alpha1 adrenergic receptors

A

Gq/11 coupled

lead to increase in IC Ca+

located on: smooth muscles of BV (contraction), GI/GU

liver (glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis)

adipose tissue (lipolysis)

lacrimal gland (reduce tears)

radial muscle of iris (pupil dilation)

18
Q

Describe alpha2-adrenergic receptors (fight or flight)

A

alpha-2 receptors

Gi/o coupled

lead to decrease in adenylate cyclase/cAMP

located on:

constrict GI sphincters

pancreas (increase glucagon, decrease insulin)

smooth muscle of BV (dilate)

platelets (increase clotting)

19
Q

Describe beta1 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs coupled

increases adenylate cylcase/cAMP

found in:

SA node, increases HR

ventricular muscle, increases contraction strength

salivary gland, increases viscosity

adipose tissue, lipolysis

20
Q

Describe beta2 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs coupled

increase adenylate cyclase and cAMP

found on:

bronchiole smooth muscle (relax)

GI smooth muscle (relax)

GI/GU (relax)

vascular smooth muscle (relax)

liver (glycogenolysis)

eye (relaxes/flattens lens)

21
Q

Describe beta3 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs coupled

increases adenylate cyclase and cAMP

found on:

white and brown adipose

lipolysis and thermogenesis

22
Q

What role does the adrenal medulla play in the sympathetic system?

A

contain chromaffin cells that make and release epinephrine as part of the sympathetic response

some sympathetic axons go through the ganglion and synapse on the adrenal medulla instead of the paravertebral gangion.

23
Q

What does the presynaptic axon do at the adrenal medulla?

A

the presynaptic axon releases Ach which binds to nicotinic receptors on the chromaffin cells

this acticates the receptors which leads to a release of epinephrine into the blood

24
Q

Describe the general effects of the parasympathetic response

A

Rest and Digest

  • plenty of O2
  • slow HR
  • BP low
  • intestines getting blood
  • getting fuel from GI tract
25
Q

Describe the general effects of the sympathetic response

A

Fight or Flight

  • need lots of O2
  • need O2 in muscles
  • don’t need to digest (because dead people don’t need food)
  • need enough fuel for the moment, not for later
26
Q
A
27
Q

Parasympathetic Characteristics

Exit CNS:

Location of Ganglion:

Length of pre-synaptic axon:

Length of post-synaptic axon:

A

cranial and sacral nerves

on/near the target organ

long

short

28
Q

Sympathetic Characteristics

Exit from CNS:

Location of ganglion:

Length of presynaptic axon:

Length of post-synaptic axon:

A

thoracic and lumbar

sympathetic chain

short

long

29
Q

Synapse 1 Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

A

NTM released: Ach

receptor: Nicotinic cholinergic

30
Q

Synapse 2: Parasympathetic

A

NTM: Ach

Receptor: muscarinic cholinergic

31
Q

Norepinephrine is released by

A

NERVES

32
Q

Second Synapse: Symphathetic

A

NTM: Norepi

Receptor: alpha and beta adrenergic

33
Q

add cards for blanks

A

Neuroendocrine Exam 1 (22 decks)

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