Cranial Nerves and Autonomics (Wright) Flashcards
What are the somatic motor nerves?
III Oculomotor: all extraocular eye muscles (except superior oblique and lateral rectus)
IV Trochlear: superior oblique
VI Abducens: lateral rectus
XII Hypoglossal: intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus
What are the branchial motor nerves?
V Masticator: muscles of mastication
VII Facial: muscles of facial expression
IX, X Ambiguus: muscles of pharynx and larynx
XI Accessory: trapezius and sternomastoid
“5, 7, 9, 10, 11”
What are the visceral motor (parasympathetic) nerves?
III Edinger-Westphal: ciliary muscle, constrictor pupillae
VII Superior Salivatory: all glands of the head except the integ. and paratid
IX Inferior Salivatory: parotid gland
X Dorsal Vagus: all thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera to the splenic flexure
What are the visceral sensory nerves?
IX, X solitarius: visceral afferent info necessary for visceral reflexes, nausea, NOT pain
What are the general sensory nerves?
V, VII, IX, X trigeminal: pain, temp, touch, proprioception from head, neck, sinuses, meninges
What are the special sensory nerves?
I olfactory bulb: smell
II retina: vision
VII, IX gustatory : taste
VIII vestibular : balance
VIII cochlear: hearing
Derivatives of the first (mandibular) pharyngeal arch
N: trigeminal nerve
M: mastication, mylohyoid and anterior belly of diagastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
B: malleus and incus
L: anterior L. of malleus, sphenomandibular L.
Derivatives of the second (hyoid) arch?
N: Facial N.
M: muscles of expression, sapedius, stylohoid, posterior belly of digastric
B: stapes, styloid process, lesser cornu of hyoid, upper part of hyoid
L: stylohyoid L.
Derivatives of the third pharyngeal arch?
N: Glossopharyngeal
M: stylopharyngeus
B: greater cornu of hyoid, lower part of hyoid
Derivatives of the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch?
N: Superior laryngeal branch of vagus, recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus
M: cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, constrictors of pharynx, instrinsic M. of larynx, striated muscles of esophagus
B: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform cartilages
“nerves and muscles of larynx, pharynx muscles, striated esophagus muscles, all the thyroid/pharyngeal cartilages)
General Rules concerning Autonomics of the Head
all sympathetic fibers are postsynaptic and rise off the superior cericval ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
they travel on vessels to the structures that they innervate (deep petorsal nerve)
presynaptic parasymapthetics come off the nuclei in the brain stem and synapse in the head (ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic and submandibualr ganglions)
all postsynaptic fibers “piggy back” on a branch of the trigeminal N. to arrive at the structure they innervate
Olfactory N
- CN I
- smell to brain, only type to regenerate
- originates in the bipolar neurons in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity
- trabels through cribiform plate of ethmoid and synsapses in olfactory bulbs, in anterior cranial fossa
- Anosmia (loss of smell)
Optic N.
- vision to brain
- originates in retina
- enters cranium via optic foramen of sphenoid bone, uniting at optic chiasm. Optic tracts travel to lateral genicualate nucleus of thalamus, forwarding info to occipical lobe
- Anopsia (visual deficit)
Olfactory nerve component is?
special sensory
sensation of smell
the optic nerve component is?
special sensory
conveys visual info from retina
oculomotor component?
general somatic efferent: supplies levaotr palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior recuts, inferior oblique muscle of the eye
general visceral efferent: parasymapthetic supply to constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles via ciliary ganglion
Oculomotor N.
- innervation of upper eyelid and 4/6 extrinsic eye muscles
- Somatic: eye muscles
- Parasympathetic: constric pupil, contract ciliary muscle of lens
- originates at Edinger-Westphal nuclei in mesencephalon
- leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to eye
- ptosis, paralysis, strabismus, diplopoa, diff. focusing eye
Trochlear N. component and function
general somatic efferent
supplies the superior oblique muscle of the eye
What is the component and function of the trochlear N?
general somatic efferent
supplies the superior oblique muscle of the eye (inferior/lateral movement of eye)
Trochlear N.
- muscle that is being innervated acts as a pulley
- somatic: innervates superior oblique m.
- originates at trochlear nucleus within mesencephalon
- leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to superior oblique muscle
- strabismus, diplopia
What is the component and funciton of the Abducens N?
general somatic efferent
supplies lateral rectus M. of the eye
eye abduction
Abducens N.
- pulls eye laterally (ABduct)
- somatic: innervates lateral rectus
- originates at the pontine (abducens) nucleus in pons
- leaves cranium through superior orbital fissure and travels to lateral rectus M.
- limited ABduction, diplopia
Trigeminal N. branchial motor component and function
special visceral efferent
masticator muscles, tensory tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric
trigeminal N. general sensory component and function
general somatic afferent
from face and scalp as far as top of head, conjunctiva, bulb of eye, mucous membranes of paranasal sinues, nasal and oral cavities, tongue & teeth, external TM, meninges of anterior and middle cranial fossa