Pterygopalatine fossa and Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What are the types of cartilage that make up the nose?
Lateral cartilage x2
Alar cartilage x2
Spetal cartilage
What makes up the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Septal cartilage
Vomer
nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones
What is the role of the nasal concha? Which nasal concha are part the ethmoid bone and which are their own?
Increase surface area which is important in warming and cooling
Superior and middle are part of ethmoid
Inferior own bone
What part of the nasal cavity is not lined with nasal mucosa?
Vestibule of the nose
Where is the nasal mucosa connected?
Firmly connected to the periosteum of the bony parts of the nasal cavity and perichondrium of the cartilaginous nasal components
Makes up respiratory (inferior 2/3) and olfactory (superior 1/3) areas
What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?
Roof= frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone
Floor= palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone
Medial Wall= nasal septum
Lateral wall= superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
What does the spheno-ethmoidal recess drain?
sphenoid sinus
What does the superior nasal meatus drain?
Ethmoidal sinuses
What does the middle nasal meatus drain?
Frontal sinus
Also maxillary sinus opens into in posterior part of semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium below the ethmoid bulla
Anterior and meiddle ethmoid sinus
What does the inferior nasal meatus drain?
Nasolacrimal duct, most inferior
What is the arterial supply to the nasal cavity?
Maxillary a.: mainly sphenoplatine a. but also anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa. and greater palatine
Anastomoses with facial artery: superior labial a. and lateral nasal branches
What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine, facial, and ophthalmic veins
What is the drainage, arterial supply and innervation of the maxillary sinus?
Maxillary ostium into the middle meatus
Superior alveolar branches of maxillary a. and greater palatine a.
Superior alveolar nerve branches (CN V2)
What is the drainage, arterial supply, and innervation of the ethmoid sinus?
Anterior and middle cells drain into middle meatus
Posterior drain into superior meatus
ethmoidal aa. (from ophthalmic a.)
nasociliary nerves (CN V1)
What is the drainage, arterial supply, and innervation of the sphenoid sinus?
Unevenly divided by bony part of septum, drains via spheno-ethmoidal a.
posterior ethmoidal a.
posterior ethmoidal n. (CN V1)
What is the location, drainage, arterial supply, and innervation of the frontal sinus?
Between out and inner tables of frontal bone, posterior to superciliary arches
Frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
suproribtal a. and anteriro ethmoidal aa.
supraorbital nerves (CN V1)
What are the borders of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Anterior= maxillary tuberosity Posterior= pterygoid process of spehnoid (lateral plate) Medial= perpendicular plate of palatine bone Lateral= infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure Roof= greater wing of sphenoid Floor= pyramidal process of palatine bone
What is the superior opening of the pterygopalatine fossa? Inferior opening?
inferior orbital fissure
closed except for palatine foramen
What passes through the inferior orbital fissure of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Infraorbital n. with infraorbital a.
Zygomatic n. with inferior opthalmic v.
Orbital branches (CN V2)
What passes through the foramen rotundum of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Maxillary n (CN V2)
What passes through the pterygoid canal of the pterygopalatine fossa?
N. of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal nerves) with a. and v. of the pterygoid canal
What passes through the greater palatine canal of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Greater palatine n.
Descending and greater palatine aa.
What passes through the lesser palatine canal of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Lesser palatine n. and lesser palatine a. (terminal branch of descending)
What passes through the sphenopalatine foramen of the pterygopalatine fossa?
Nasopalatine . CN V2
- medial and lateral posterior superior and posterior inferior nasal branches
Spehnopalatine a. and v.
What is the path of parasympathetic fibers in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Facial N. (CN VII) –> greater petrosal n. –> parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion via pterygoid canal
- synapse to nasal cavity (spenopalatine nerves), parynx (pharyngeal branch), palate (greater and lesser palatine nerves)
OR
ascend on Maxillary (CN V2) –> Zygomatic n –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve (CN V1) –> lacrimal gland
What forms the nerve to the pterygoid canal?
greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerves
How do the sympathetic fibers of the pterygopalatine fossa travel?
Presynaptic sympathetic fibers are from superior cervical region
Deep petrosal n. from internal carotid plexus and conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the maxillary n. via the pterygopalatine ganglion (don’t synapse there)
