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NeuroEndo Test 1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

“On Occasion Oliver Tries To Anally Finger Various Guys. Vaginas Are History”

Olfactory N.
Optic N.
Oculomotor N.
Trochlear N.
Trigeminal N.
Abducens N.
Facial N.
Vestibulochochlear N.
Glossopharyngeal N.
Vagus N.
Accessory N.
Hypoglossal N.
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2
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit?

A

Optic canal

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3
Q

What cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor N. (III)
Trochlear N. (IV)
Branches of the Opthalmic N (V1)
Abducent Nerve (VI)

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4
Q

What CN(s) exits through the ciribiriform plate?

A

CN I: Olfactory

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5
Q

What CN(s) exits through the optic canal?

A

CN II: Optic

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6
Q

What CN(s) exit through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III: Occulomotor
CN IV: Trochlear
CN V (V1): Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal
CN VI: Abducens

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7
Q

What CN(s) exit through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V (V2): Maxillary Division of Trigeminal

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8
Q

What CN(s) exit through the foramen ovale?

A

CN V (V3): Mandibular Division of Trigeminal

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9
Q

What CN(s) exit through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII: Facial

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

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10
Q

What CN(s) exit through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
CN XI: Accessory

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11
Q

What CN(s) exit through the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal

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12
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with all extraocular eye muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus?

A

Somatic Motor

Oculomotor

CN III

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13
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with superior oblique m.?

A

Somatic motor

Oculomotor

CN IV

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14
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with lateral rectus m.?

A

Somatic motor

Abducens

VI

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15
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus?

A

Somatic motor

Hypoglossal

CN XII

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16
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with muscles of mastication?

A

Branchial motor

Masticator

CN V

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17
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with muscles of pharynx and larynx?

A

Branchial motor

Ambiguus

CN IX and X

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18
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with facial expression?

A

Branchial motor

Facial

CN VII

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19
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with the trapezius and SCM?

A

Branchial motor

Acessory

CN XI

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20
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with the ciliary muscle and constrictor pupillae?

A

Visceral motor (parasympathetic)

Edinger-Westphal

CN III

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21
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with all glands of the head except the integumentary and parotid?

A

Visceral motor (parasympathetic)

Superior salivatory

CN VII

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22
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with the parotid gland?

A

Visceral motor (parasympathetic)

Inferior salivatory

CN IX

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23
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with all thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera to the splenic flexure.

A

Visceral motor (parasympathetic)

Dorsal Vagus

CN X

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24
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, nausea, but not pain?

A

Visceral sensory

Solitarius

CN IX and X

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25
Q

What modality, nucleus and CN(s) is associated with pain, temperature, touch, proprioception from the head and neck, sinuses, and meninges?

A

General sensory

Trigeminal

CN V, VII, IX, and X

26
Q

What nuclei and CN(s) is associated with the special senses?

A

Mitral cells of olfactory, CN I, smell

Ganglion cells of retina, CN II, vision

Gustatory, CN VII and IX, taste

Vestibular, CN V III, Balance

Cochlear, CN V III, Hearing

27
Q

What are the 4 general rules concerning autonomics in the head?

A

All sympathetic fibers are postganlionic arising from superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk. They travel on the vessels to the structures they innervate

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise from nuclei in the brain stem and synapse at 4 ganglia in the head (ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, and submandibular)

Preganglionic parasympathetics are carried by CN III, VII, IX, and X

All postganglionic fibers piggy back on branch of the trigeminal (does not carry just highway for parasymp)

28
Q

What is the origin, pathway, and function of the Olfactory N. (CN I)?

A

Receptors (bipolar neurons) in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity

Travel through the cribiform plate and synapses in olfactory bulbs in the anterior cranial fossa

Smell

29
Q

What can happen if you damage the Olfactory N.?

A

Ansomia= partial or total loss of smell

30
Q

What is the origin, pathway, and function of the optic nerve?

A

Retina of eye

Optic foramen –> left and right unite at optic chiasm –> optic tracts to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus –> optic lobe

vision

31
Q

What are the two components of the Oculomotor Nerve and what are their functions?

A 
Somatic motor (GSE): levator palpebrae superior, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye 
-raise up and go in towards middle, focus

Visceral motor (GVE): parasympathetic supply to constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles via ciliary ganglion

32
Q

What is the pathway of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure –> eye and eye lid

  • parsymp= ciliary ganglion
  • postganlionic parasymp= iris and ciliary muscles
33
Q

What conditions can result from damage to the oculomotor nerve?

A

Ptosis (upper eyelid drop)

Paralysis of eye muscles –> strabismus (eyes not parallel), diplopia (double vision), focusing difficulty

34
Q

What is the pathway of the sympathetic fibers of the Oculomotor N.?

A

Fibers synapse on superior cervical ganglion and then hop off and go on internal carotid artery to inhibit contraction and activate dilation

35
Q

What is the function of the Trochlear N (CN IV)

A

Supplies the superior oblique m.

Moves eyeball inferiorly and laterally

36
Q

What is the function of the Abducens N. (CN VI)?

A

Innervates lateral rectus m. for eye ABduction

37
Q

What is the result of right oculomotor (CN III) nerve palsy?

A

At rest your right eye looks down and out, pupil dilated, have to manually elevate eyelid

38
Q

What is the result of left aBducent (CN VI) nerve palsy?

A

When you look the left right away moves but left eye does not because cannot abduct

39
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the Trigeminal N (CN V)? What are their sensory functions?

A

GSA

V1 (opthalmic): sensory impulses from cornea, nose, forehead, and anterior scalp

V2 (maxillary): Sensory impulses from nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek

V3 (mandibular): anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin of chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, 1/3 of auricle of ear

40
Q

What is the motor function of the Trigeminal N.?

A

Branchial motor (SVE)

Muscles of mastication

41
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)?

A

inflammation of sensory components of trigeminal nerve causing severe pain

42
Q

What is the significance of the trigeminal nerve in shingles?

A

Patient first exhibits tingling at crown of head that radiates down one of the sensory nerve tracts. A few days later shingle lesions follow these paths

43
Q

What are the 4 branches of the Ophthalmic (V1)?

A

Lacrimal
Frontal
Nasociliary
Meningeal branch

44
Q

What are the 5 branches of Maxillary (V2)?

A 
Zygomatic
Infraorbital
Superior alveolar
Palatine
Meningeal
45
Q

What are the 5 sensory branches of the Mandibular (V3)?

A 
Buccal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar
Aurirculotemporal
Meningeal (spinous)
46
Q

What are the motor branches of the mandibular (V3)?

A

Medial pterygoid –> tensor veli paltini and tensor tympani

Lateral pterygoid

Masseteric

Deep temporal

Mylohyoid –> nerve to mylohoid and anterior belly of digastric

47
Q

What is the sensory function of the Facial N (CN VII)?

A

Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongues

48
Q

What is the somatic motor function of the Facial N.?

A

Facial expression muscles, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoidm and stapedius muslces via the 5 major motor branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

49
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor function of the Facial N?

A

Increase secretion of the lacrimal gland of eye, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands

50
Q

What is the pathway of the visceral (parasympathetic motor) to the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII at geniculate ganglion gives rise to greater petrosal n. which enter middle cranial fossa –> joins deep petrosal nerve (symp) to form nerve of pterygoid canal –> through canal to prerygopalatine fossa

  • parasympathetic fiber synaps in pterygopalatine ganglion
  • postsynaptic parasymp fibers travel from ganglion to lacrimal gland via sygomatic branch of CN V2 and lacrimal nerve branch of CN V1
51
Q

What is the pathway of the visceral (parasympathetic motor) to the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Chorda tympani branch from from CN VII superior to stylomastoid foramen –> tympanic cavity medial to handle of malleus –> through petrotympanic fissure and joins lingual nerve (CN V3) in infratemporal fossa –> parasymp fibers synapse in submandibular ganglion –> postsynaptic fibers follow arteries to glands

52
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Auditory information from the cochlea and balance information from the semicircular canals

53
Q

What is the sensory function of the Glossopharyngel Nerve?

A

Sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3 of tongue, chemoreceptor fibers to the carotid body

54
Q

What is the somatic motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

stylopharyngeus (pharynx muscle)

55
Q

What is the parasympathetic motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

increase secretion of parotid salivatory gland

56
Q

What is the path of CN IX parasympathetics to parotid gland?

A

Tympanic nerve arise from CN IX and exits with it from jugular foramen

Tympanic nerve to middle ear via tympanic canaliculus –> forms tympanic plexus on promonotory of middle ear –> lesser petrosal nerve arise –> penetrates roof of tympanic cavity (tegmen tympani) –> middle cranial fossa –> foramen ovale –> parasymp fiber synapse in otic ganglion –> postsynap pass to parotid gland via branches of auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)

57
Q

What are the functions of the Vagus N. (CN X)?

A

Visceral sensory info from pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, abdominal organs
General sensory: external auditory canal, eardrum, and pharynx
Somatic motor: most pharynx and larynx muscles
Parasymp motor: visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands of heart, lungs, pharynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs

58
Q

What is the relationship of C1 and the Hypoglossal N.?

A

C1 joins up with hpoglossal which makes primary initial root of ansas cervicalis which becomes nerve to thyrohyoid

59
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal n?

A

Innervates the intrinsic and extrinisic tongue muscles aka all glossus muscles but the palatoglossus

60
Q

What happens if you have a lesion of the right hypoglossal n.?

A

tongue will turn towards right side

NeuroEndo Test 1 (14 decks)

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