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NeuroEndo Test 1 > Development of Orofacial Strucutes > Flashcards

Development of Orofacial Strucutes Flashcards

1
Q

What is neurocranium derived from? What does it give rise to?

A

Mesenchyme, cartilaginous and membranous components

Bones that enclose the brain: frontal, parietal, occipital, petrous part of temporal

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2
Q

What is viscerocranium derived from? What does it give rise to?

A

Mesenchyme

Facial skeleton: nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxilla, incisive, mandible, sphenoid, squamous part of temporal

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3
Q

What do the cartilaginous parts of neurocranium give rise to? Membranous parts?

A

Occipital bone, body of sphenoid, ethmoid bone, petrous and mastoid parts of temporal bone

Calvaria= frontal and parietal bones

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4
Q

What do the cartilaginous parts of viscerocranium give rise to? Membranous parts?

A

NCC –> bones and connective tissue

Maxillary prominence, squamous part of temporal, maxilla, zygomatic bone

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5
Q

What is scaphocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of sagittal suture

Long narrow wedge shaped cranium

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6
Q

What is brachycephaly?

A

Premature fusion of entire coronal suture

High tower like cranium

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7
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

Premature fusion of one side of coronal suture

Twisted and asymmetric

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8
Q

What is trigonocephaly?

A

premature fusion of frontal suture

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9
Q

What is derived from the frontal nasal prominence?

A

Forehead
Dorsum/apex of nose
Rostal boundary of stomodeum

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10
Q

What is derived from the lateral nasal prominence? What separates it from the maxillary prominence? When does it merge with the maxillary?

A

Alae of nose (nasal flaring)

nasolacrimal groove

End of week 6

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11
Q

What is derived from the medial nasal prominence? What regulates its growth?

A

Nasal septum
Ethmoid bone
Cribiform plate

PDGFRA, shifted towards midline with medial growth of maxillary prominence

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12
Q

What is derived from the maxillary prominence? What is the process?

A

Upper cheek
Upper Lip

Maxillary prominence grows medially and merges laterally with mandibular prominence

Invaded by mesenchyme from PA2 –> facial muscles

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13
Q

What is derived from the mandibular prominence? What is the process? What happens if there is incomplete fusion?

A

Chin
Lower lip
Cheek

Caused when oropharnygeal membrane disintegrates and medial ends of mandibular prominence merge

chin dimple.

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14
Q

When does the facial primordia appear? What is its structure?

A

week 4
Surrounds stomodeum= primitive oral cavity
Separated from primordial pharynx by oropharyngeal membrane which ruptures day 26

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15
Q

How are the medial and lateral prominences formed?

A

Nasal placodes (thickened surface ectoderm) on inferolateral portion of the frontonasal prominence proliferate causing horse shoe shaped elevations –> medial and lateral nasal prominences –> primordial nasal snares

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16
Q

How is the philtrum/intermaxillary segment formed?

A

Fusion of median nasal prominence and maxillary

Above midline of upper lip

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17
Q

What signaling molecule responsible for development of mandibular process?

A

BMP

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18
Q

How are nasal cavities formed?

A 
Nasal placodes (ectoderm) depress and form nasal pits
Mesenchyme from medial and lateral proinences induce pits to become deeper --> primordial nasal sacs which grow dorsally and ventrally to forebrain, separated by oronasal membrane which ruptures end of week 6
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19
Q

What is the primordial choanae?

A

Connection between nasopharynx and nasal cavity

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20
Q

What is the nasal conchae?

A

Superior middle and inferior turbinate

Can become inflamed with allergies (rhinitis)

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21
Q

What does olfactory epithelium become?

A

Olfactory n.

In Parkinson’s symptom is losing sense of smell prior to onset of normal symptoms

22
Q

What are the 2 stages of platogenesis? When do they occur? What is the critical period?

A

Primary= fusion of median nasal prominences forms median palatine process –> premaxillary part of mazilla

Secondary= develop from lateral palatine processes (palatal shelves) which are mesenchymal projections extending from internal aspects of maxillary prominence

Weeks 6-12
critical= end of week 6-beginning of week 9

23
Q

How do we get our final palate?

A

Bone extends from maxillae and palatine bones into lateral palatine processes to form hard palate
- posterior portions do not ossify –> soft palate and uvula

24
Q

What is the palatine raphe?

A

Line of fusion

25
Q

What is the incisive fossa?

A

Remnant of nasopalatine canal

26
Q

How do we get the nasal septum?

A

Downward growth of internal parts of merged medial nasal prominences
Fuses with lateral palatine processes anterior to posterior

27
Q

What causes cleft lip and/or palate? What are risk factors?

A

Defects in fusion

Genetics: SATB2, SHH, TGF-alpha, TGF-B3, IRF6
antiepileptic drugs, smoking binge drinking, folate deficiency, obesity

28
Q

What is choanal atresia? How does it present?

A

bony abnormalities of pterygoid plates and midfacial growth abnormalities?

upper airway obstruction, noisy breathing, cyanosis that worsens during feeding and improves with crying

Connected to Treacher-collins (arch 1) CHARGE, Kallman, or VACTERL syndromes

29
Q

How does the oral part (anterior 2/3) of the tongue develop?

A

Median tongue bud appears at end of 4th week and then two lateral swelling develop on either side

Induced by PA 1

30
Q

How does the pharyngeal part (post 2/3) of tongue develop?

A

Copula= PA2
hypopharyngeal eminence= PA3 and 4, eventually overgrows copula and fusion at terminal sulcus of oral and pharyngeal parts

31
Q

What innervates the mucosa, taste, taste buds, and musculature of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

mucosa= Lingual branch of V3
taste= Chorda Tympani (CN VII)
taste buds= CN IX
musculature= CN XII

32
Q

What innervates the mucosa, taste, taste buds, and musculature of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Mucosa and taste= CN IX
Musculature= CN XII
Sensation to pharynx= CN X
Palatogglossus m.= CN X

33
Q

What is clossochissis?

A

Bifid tongue

34
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A 
Short frenulum (attaches inferior tongue to oral cavity 
Can present with problems breastfeeding and speaking
35
Q

What is macroglossia?

A

Big tongue

Associated with downs, beckwith-wiedemann, muscopolysaccharidoses

36
Q

What induces odontogenesis?

A

Communication between NCCs and oral epithelium (ectoderm)

37
Q

What is the cap stage of odontogenesis?

A

Tooth bud becomes cap shaped when invested by mesenchyme

38
Q

What does the tooth bud consist of?

A

Enamel organ= ectodermal cells from dental lamina –> enamel
Dental papilla= internal part of tooth –> dentin and pulp
Dental follicle/sac= mesenchyme surrounding papilla and enamel organ – >cementum

39
Q

What is the bell stage of odontogenesis?

A

Enamel organ becomes bell shaped due to differentiation of enamel

40
Q

What do odontoblasts give rise to?

A

Predentin calcified to give dentin

Comes from dental papilla cells next to inner enamel epithelium

41
Q

What do ameoblasts give rise to?

A

Enamel

Inner enamel epithelium differentiates in response to dentin production

42
Q

How does the root of the tooth form?

A

Epithelial root sheath= fusion of outer and inner enamel
Pulp= central dental papilla
Cementum= inner cells of dental sac from cementoblasts
Periodontal ligament= outer cells of dental sac

43
Q

What erupts through epithelium when your tooth erupts?

A

Root of tooth and crown
Mandibular teeth erupt first
Deciduous root resorbed by odontoclasts and crown and upper root are shed

44
Q

When do the buds for our 2nd and 3rd permanent molars develop?

A

After birth

Why you have to get your wisdom teeth out

45
Q

When do deciduous permanent teeth appear?

A

10 weeks

extension of dental lamina, lingual to deciduous tooth buds

46
Q

What is the epithelium covering the posterior 1/3 of the tongue derive from?

A

Endoderm

47
Q

What is the hypobranchial eminence derived from?

A

PA 3 and 4

48
Q

What is derived from the dental lamina?

A

enamel organ

49
Q

What tissue gives rise to the dental sac?

A

Head mesenchyme

50
Q

What is the philtrum of the upper lip derived from?

A

medial nasal prominence

NeuroEndo Test 1 (14 decks)

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