PT3 Flashcards
What drug directly dilates arteries AND inhibits platelet aggregation?
Cilostazol: they dec. activity of platelet phosphodiesterase as well as directly vasodilate arteries - used to treat peripheral artery disease & intermittent claudication
Ticlopidine MOA
block platelet ADP receptor, therefore disallowing GP IIb/IIIa receptors to work properly
Abciximab MOA
monoclonal antibody that inhibits platelet aggregation by targeting platelet IIb/IIIa receptor
Jaundice, inc. LDH, anemia, inc. total & direct bilirubin and + osmotic fragility test SUGGESTS?
Spherocytosis (you have hemolytic anemia) - pigmented gallstones are a complication of this
What enzyme breaks down/metabolizes 6-MP
Xanthine oxidase - so if a pt is on allopurinol (XA inhibitor) then you have to dramatically reduce your 6-MP dosage to account for decreased metabolism!
What drugs inhibit topoisomerase II
Etoposide, Teniposide, Dauxorubicin
How does Wilson’s disease present
Neuro: ataxia, parkinson-tremor, slurred speech
Liver: asymptomatic liver function abnormalities,
Eyes: look for Kayser-Fleischer rings (use slit lamp test)
Which one is proven to decrease mortality rates: beta blocker or digoxin?
beta blocker - digoxin not proven to decrease mortality, just morbidity
3 wks after untreated sore throat, develops holocystolic murmur, swelling in joints and ASO titer is 400 - what does she have and what would be the cause of death if she died in the hospital?
She has ARF (acute rheumatic fever) after pharyngitis (post strep infection) = will probably die of severe myocarditis
Danger of following up an MAOI with SSRI
MAOI will cause inc. serotonin levels and SSRI will further increase those levels so to avoid serotonin syndrome, wait some time before starting the SSRI to allow for MAO to regenerate and do its usual activity of degrading monoamines (serotonin, NE, etc.)
Class 1A antiarrhythmics
Disopyramide, Quinidine, Procainamide (double quarter pounder) - intermediate inhib. of phase 0 depolarization and prolonged effect on AP
Class 1B antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine (Lettuce, tomato, mayo) - weak inhib of phase 0 and shortened effect on AP
Class 1C antiarrhythmics
Moricizine, Flecainide, Propafenone (more fries please) Strong phase 0 inhibition and no change on length of AP
Propanolol mechanism as antiarrhythmic
slows AV node conduction and prolongs phase 4 depolarization in cardiac pacemaker cells - does not affect ventricular myocyte AP
Diltiazem mechanism and class
Class 4- calcium channel blocker; acts primarily on AV node and on pacemaker cells (not on ventricular myocyte AP0
Thiazide diuretics MOA and examples
block Na-Cl symporter in the distal convoluted tubules - causing enhanced Na, Cl, and water excretion - work on the DCT - may cause HYPERcalcemia (increases luminal calcium absorption in distal tubule which is already increased due to inc. reabs from proximal tubule due to volume depletion)
What increases peripheral metabolism of levodopa
Vitamin B6
Synaptophysin stains for cells of _________ origin
Neural
Granulosa theca cell tumors secrete
Estrogen
What is the most frequent CNS tumor in immunosuppressed patients
Primary CNS lymphoma - appear as uniform aggregates of atypical lymphoid cells & majority arise from B-cells
Type of cancer EBV associated with
Primary CNS lymphomas
Bosentan MOA
Endothelin-1 receptor antagonist; decreaes pulmonary vascular resistance and used to treat PRIMARY (idiopathic) pulmonary arterial hypertension - useful to use on pt. waiting for lung transplant for this condition
If you see a liver cyst that has been resected (maybe from a person of Mediterranean, Australian, South American descent) - what do you think?
Echinococcus granulosus - tapeworm - most common cause of hydatid cysts in humans
Main risk from this cyst?
Anaphylactic shock if cyst contents are spilled within the periotneum
