CBSSA 15 Flashcards
Muscle pain and weakness, tender bones, low serum calcium and high PTH levels indicate?
Osteomalacia (usually due to dec. vitamin D)
Osteomalacia vs. Osteoporosis
In osteoporosis you get dec. bone mass DESPITE normal mineralization and lab values!
Serum Ca, Phosphorus, Alk phosph, and PTH are all normal.
Phosphocreatine aka creatine phosphate
Phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain.
During a contraction, each myosin cross-bridge breaks down ATP, producing ADP and a phosphate group. The energy stored in creatine phosphate is then used to “recharge” ADP, converting it back to ATP
Lupus hematologic association
Thrombocytopenia
Resistance to ampicillin
via beta-lactamase production by bacteria - can inhibit by administering beta-lactamase inhib. with the Ab (ex: clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam)
How does surface tension affect the lung?
Surface tension generates a force that favors the collapse of the alveolus and opposes lung distension
P(alveoli)=2T/r
Air at high pressure will move to sites of low pressure (alveoli with larger radii). The consequence of this, in a lung without sufactant, is that small alveoli would collapse as larger alveoli expand. This effect is referred to as alveolar instability and can be largely prevented by surfactant.
Optic tract located in which lobe of brain
Parietal
DiGeorge malformation
3rd & 4th branchial POUCHES
Why use primaquine along with chloroquine?
Chloroquine will get rid of blood infection (sporozoites) of P. vivax & ovale but primaquine will get rid of hepatic dormant organisms (Hyponozoites)
Will pupil dilate/constrict with light if it has a dense central scotoma impacting the entire visual field?
NO. Retinal ganglion cells have been destroyed
Slipped-strand mispairing
In genetics, an insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping
Lentigo maligna can lead to
can lead to Lentigo maligna melanoma
Normal neutrophil percentage
40-60/70% of total leukocytes!!!
What component of Gm - bacteria is responsible for inducing hypotension?
LPS layer - induces TNF & IL-1 - can cause shock, fever, vascular leak
Trichomonas vaginalis
Motile trophozoites on wet prep (with flagella)
Green/yellow frothy discharge
Doesn’t have to be (can be) foul smelling
Itching/burning sensation
TREAT WITH METRONIDAZOLE
Sarcoidosis
Non-caseating granulomas
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Paratracheal node enlargement
ASSOCIATE WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS
What could cause hypokinesis of posterior left ventricle
Stenosis of RCA (gives off the posterior descending artery - PDA)
Zanamivir MOA
Neuraminidase inhibitor - treat influenza A & B; same mechanism as oseltamivir
Decreases release of progeny virus
Appropriate lab method to identify specific CD variant
Immunohistochemistry: process of detecting antigens (e.g., proteins) in cells of a tissue section
Intermittent painless episodes of mild jaundice often precipitated by periods of stress/fasting/infection
Gilbert syndrome - due to decreased conjugation of bilirubin
Reduced activity of the enzyme glucuronyltransferase
Blood supply of AV node
Posterior descending artery (PDA) - usually comes off RIGHT coronary but in a left dominant heart, will come off circumflex/LCA
Acute intermittent porphyria
Porphobilinogen deaminase def.
Porphobilinogen + Delta-ALA + uroporphyrin accumulate
5 P’s: painful abdomen, wine urine, polyneuropathy,psychosocial disturbances, precipitated by drugs (ex: TMP/SMX)
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase def. Uroporphyrin accum. Most common porphyria Blistering cutaneous photosensitivity Tea/wine urine
Enzymes that can lead to lead poisoning
Ferrochelatase ALA dehydratase (ALAD)
Accumulate protoporphyrin & delta-ALA
