Psychotic Disorders (inc. schizophrenia) Flashcards
list the 5 features of psychosis
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized thought
- disorganized behaviour
- negative symptoms
def psychosis
constellation of s/s resulting in a loss of touch with reality
def psychotic disorders
severe mental disorders characterized by changes in thought, reality-testing, and perception
def delusions
fixed false beliefs
types of delusions
MC: persecutory
other
- referential: external environment are directed at them
- grandiose: unrealistic views of oneself
- erotomanic: others in love with them
- nihilistic: major catastrophes will occur
- somatic: bodily function
bizzare vs non-bizzare
def hallucinations
5 senses - perceived stimuli where there is no actual external stimuli
types of hallucinations
auditory ➔ MC schizo
visual ➔ MC lewy body dementia
visual and tactile ➔ alcohol withdrawal
other: olfactory, proprioceptive
def disorganized thought
thought process isn’t straight forward
types of disorganized thought
circumstantial: circular but returns to the point
tangential: never returns to the point
word salad: unintelligble
neologism: made up words/phrases
perseveration: repetition
types of disorganized behaviour
lack of impulse control
nonsensical/socially appropriate actions
catatonic behaviour
types of negative symptoms
- emotionally blunted
- flat affect
- algoia: poverty of speech
- psychomotor retardation
- decrease energy, interest, concentration
- anhedonia
def brief psychotic disorder
DSM: ≥1 positive psychotic symptom (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) for >1d but <1M +/- grossly abnormal psychomotor behaviour (including catatonia)
def delusional disorder
DSM: ≥ 1 delusion that persist for ≥1M
def delusional parasitosis
not DSM5
Psychodermatological disorder → recurrent and fixed belief they are infested by small organisms or unanimated materials under the skin (like fibers/hairs → Morgellons disease) w/o objective evidence of infestation/parasitosis
def schizophrenia
Criteria A (active phase):
- ≥ 2 symptoms each present for a sig portion of time during a 1M period (must have at least 1 of the first 3)
- Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour, or negative symptoms
also have continous disturbance for at least 6M
def schizoaffective disorder
DSM: Major mood episode (either manic or depressive) that co-occurs at the same time with symptoms of schizophrenia → but the schizo symptoms (delusions or hallucinations) must occur for ≥2 weeks in the absence of a major mood episode
def schizophreniform disorder
DSM: 1-6M with at least 2 of the psychotic symptoms (criteria A)
common meds/substances that cause induced psychotic disorder
Common meds: steroids, interferon therapy, mefloquine (antimalarial), and diphenhydramine (allergy meds; think breaking bad and meth)
Common recreational substances: alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, phencyclidine (PCP), and sedative/hypnotics
def postpartum psychosis
psychiatric emergency
high rates of suicide and infanticide
Mothers may experience command hallucinations to kill the infant or delusions that the infant is possessed
tx of psychotic disorders
psychotic episodes and disorders: antipsychotic meds (risperidone) ➔ useful vs positive symptoms
consider benzodiazepines
for acutely agitated ➔ hospitalized and may harm self/others ➔ antipsychotic w/benzo
also give CBT
