Neurodevelopmental disorders (ID, CD, ASD, ADHD) Flashcards
def intellectual disability
neurodev disorder that occurs during childhood ➔ affects intellectual abilities like thinking language, memory, and adaptive functioning
what are some developmental red flags? gross motor, fine motor, speech, and social
- gross: not walking by 18M, or rolling too early <3M
- fine: hand preference at <18M
- speech: <10 words at 18M
- social: not smiling at 3M, not pointing at 15-18M
def global developmental delay
children who can do the IQ tests may be dx with this if they have sig delays in at least 2 dev domains
causes for intellectual disability?
- genetic ➔ fragile X and T21
- teratogen
- other things that happened during birth
- acquired: CNS infection/malignancy, TBI
how to test for ID?
- evalu adaptive function and ability to function int ehir environment (mor than one = think home and school)
- cognitive testing – IQ test
how to tx ID?
- manage comorbidities
- beware of polypharm
what is a communication disorder?
Difficulty in understanding or using spoken, written or other forms of communication (can be expressive, receptive, or both)
def expressive language disorder
difficulty forming ideas and messages w/ language
def receptive language disorder
difficulty understanding messages
causes for communication disorders?
- genetics: down syndrome, fragile X
- nutritional
- injuries
- epilepsy
- environmental: lack of language exposure or stimulating coms
- deaf or hard of hearing
def autism spectrum disorders
Neurologic disorder characterized by 1) persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts and 2) restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities
what does A.S.D. acrynom?
A - aloneness ➔ not understanding social cues
S - sameness ➔ behavioural rigidity
D - development (early) ➔ poor
common psychiatric diseases that are comorbid with ASD
intellectual disbaility
anxiety disorder
early signs of ASD?
atypical communication or behvaiour at 12-18M
inappropriate body language
overly literal
not understanding facial expression
what is ADHD?
Affect attention, ability to sit still, and self-control
DSM-5 three subtypes:
Hyperactive-impulsive
Inattentive
Combined
the 3 subtypes of ADHD are
Hyperactive-impulsive
Inattentive
Combined
females are more likely to have ______ subtype of ADHD
hypoactive
males are more likely to have ______ subtype of ADHD
hyperactive
ddx for ADHD (inattention and hyperactiveness)
inattention ➔ anxiety, sleep disorders, learning disabilities, absent seizure
r/o obstructive sleep apnea
causes for ADHD
- largely genetic
- associated with early childhood brain trauma - infection, fetal alochol syndrome
- hyperthyroidism
in general how do you work up a neurodevelopmental disorder?
- suspect bc of delayed development
- review medical history - birth history + parental history of development + family hx of developmental disorders
- review dev milestones
- social history ➔ school
- looks for dysmorphic features + assess growth parameters
- assess hearing and visual acuity to see if that could be impacting their development
- assess with specific syndromes ➔ questionnaires
how to tx the neurodevelopmental disorders?
ID ➔ special education and supports, family education, speech and lagnuage therapy, OT, CBT
communication disorders: SLP, tx underlying cause, social support and support groups
ASD: behavioural intervention, family education, screen for other psychiatric comorbidities, tx other comorbidtiies
ADHD:
- if <6Y go for behavioural therapy to develop coping strategies
- stimulants ➔ Ritalin and Adderall
