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Psychiatry - Phase II > Psychotic disorders > Flashcards

Psychotic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define Psychosis

A

When a person experiences a reality different to the rest of us without realising

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2
Q

What disorders can people experience psychosis?

A 
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Organic - Delirium, Dementia, SoL, Hyperthyroidism, drug induced
Personality disorders
Severe depression with psychosis
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3
Q

Define Hallucination

A

Perception in the absence of external stimulus.

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4
Q

What is the most common form of hallucination?

A

Auditory

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5
Q

What are the different types of hallucinations a person can experience?

A 
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Olfactory
Gustatory
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6
Q

What pathology can an olfactory hallucination suggest?

A

Frontal lobe pathology due to the path of the cranial nerve

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7
Q

What hallucination can commonly accompany delirium?

A

Visual

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8
Q

Define Delusion

A

Firm + fixed belief/thought that is usually false (99% of the time), but is held even with evidence of the contrary. It cannot be reasoned away and is out of keeping with the person’s sociocultural norms/views.

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9
Q

What are some of the different types of Delusions?

A 
Grandiose
Persecutory
Hypochondrical
Reference
Guilt
Erotomanic
Nihilistic
Somatic (Similar to Hypochondrical)
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10
Q

Define Grandiose delusion

A

The person has an overinflated sense of self

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11
Q

Define Reference delusions

A

When a person takes an innocuous stimuli and believes it has a particular and unusual significance to them despite there being no evidence

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12
Q

Define Persecutory delusions

A

When a person believes they are being targeted by people despite there being no evidence

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13
Q

Define Hypochondrical delusions

A

When a person believes there is something wrong with their health despite evidence of the contrary

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14
Q

Define Guilt delusions

A

When a person believes they have done something wrong without any reason

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15
Q

Define Erotomanic delusions

A

When a person believes someone is in love with them despite evidence of the contrary

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16
Q

Define Nihilistic delusions

A

When a person believes they are dead or part of their body is dead despite evidence of the contrary

17
Q

Define Formal thought disorder

A

The person has issues with forming coherent thoughts, flight of ideas/knight’s move causing incoherent speech.

18
Q

What is Flight of ideas?

A

Where a person’s thoughts are not coherent, but related

19
Q

What is Knight’s move?

A

Loosening of associations between thoughts

20
Q

What are disorders of self?

A

A person has difficulty distinguishing self from other entities eg time, people, space. There is a lack of self as an agent, unity of experience and private space.

21
Q

What are some of the symptoms of disorders of self?

A

Thought broadcast
Thought insertion
Thought withdrawal
Important to remember passive

22
Q

Define thought broadcast

A

A person believes their thoughts can be heard by other people eg thoughts coming out of fingers, telepathy

23
Q

Define thought insertion

A

A person believes some of their thoughts are not their own and are placed into their mind by other people

24
Q

Define thought withdrawal

A

A person believes some of their thoughts have been removed by other people

25
Q

Define Delirium

A

A global cognitive impairment
Patients have fluctuating levels of consciousness + confusion
May have visual hallucinations

26
Q

How do you manage Psychosis?

A

May depend on risk, insight, compliance and condition
Bio - Drug screen, CT head, Blood test, Urinalysis, Antipsychotics
Psycho - Family, GP
Social - Patient education, Housing support

27
Q

Name some commonly used antipsychotics

A 
Olanzipine
Risperidone
Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Typical - Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine
28
Q

What are some of the side effects of antipsychotics?

A

Atypical - Weight gain, hyperglycaemia/diabetes, sedation, sexual issues
Typical - extra pyramidal eg tremor, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, muscle stiffness, dry mouth

29
Q

Why does Clozapine require regular blood tests?

A

Risk of agranulocytosis
Red - stop Clozipine immediately
Amber - closely monitor WCC
Green - WCC within normal limits (3.6-11.0)

30
Q

Why does Lithium require regular blood tests?

A

Very narrow therapeutic range (0.4-1.0mmol/L)

Takes 5 days to reach steady state - check bloods after 1 week to titrate dose

Psychiatry - Phase II (16 decks)

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