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Psychotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

ID

A

Unconscious
Governed by pleasure
Contains contradictions
No concept of time

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2
Q

Neurosis

A

Feelings linked to memories that are unacceptable and stuffed by mental mechanisms

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3
Q

Ego

A

NO EMOTIONS

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4
Q

Parapraxis

A

Freudian slip!

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5
Q

Dreams

A 
Condensation
Diffusion
Displacement
Projection
Symbolisation

NO REGRESSION

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6
Q

Psychosexual development

A 
0-18 months = oral
18 months - 3 years = anal
3 years - 5 years = phallic
5 years - puberty = latent
puberty - death = genital
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7
Q

During which psychosexual development phase is the Oedipus complex?

A

PHALLIC
3-5 years
Want to possess mother and replace father

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8
Q

Developmental stages of anxiety

A
  1. Disintegration
  2. Annihilation
  3. Separation
  4. Castration
  5. Superego
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9
Q

Contra-indications to psychodynamic therapy

A

Psychosis
OCD
SUD, active
ASPD

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10
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

George Vaillant
4-tiered hierarchy

  1. Primitive (psychologically fleeing reality)
  2. Immature
  3. Neurotic
  4. Mature
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11
Q

Primitive defence mechanisms?

A

Psychotic denial
Delusional projection
Psychotic distortion
Omnipotence

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12
Q

Immature defence mechanisms?

A 
Denial
Projection
Splitting
Regression
Acting out
Somatisation
Projective identification
Introjection
Passive aggressive
Schizoid fantasy
Hypochondriasis
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13
Q

Neurotic defence mechanisms?

A 
Displacement
Intellectualisation
Rationalisation
Isolation of affect
Reaction formation
Dissociation
Repression
Sexualization
Retroactive cancelling
Control
Externalizing
Inhibition
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14
Q

Mature defence mechanisms?

A 
Altruism
Anticipation
Asceticism
Humor
Sublimation
Suppression
Affirmation
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15
Q

Biopsychosocial model?

A

Georges Engel

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16
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Inferiority complex
Organ inferiority
Masculine protest
Family rank (siblings reacting to births)

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17
Q

Franz Alexander

A

Corrective emotional experience
Re-expose the patient, under more favourable circumstances, to emotional situations which could not be handled in the past.

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18
Q

Erikson Stages of Ego Development

A

0 - 18 months = Trust vs. mistrust
18 months - 3 years = Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
3 - 5 years = Initiative vs. guilt
5 - 13 years = Industry vs. inferiority
13 - 20 years = Identity vs. role confusion
20 - 45 years = Intimacy vs. isolation
40 - 60 years = Generativity vs. stagnation
> 60 years = Ego integrity vs. despair

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19
Q

Mahler Separation-Individuation theory

A 
0-2 months = Normal autism
2-5 months = Normal symbiotic
5-10 months = Differentiation
10-18 months = Practicing
18-24 months = Rapprochement
24-36 months = Object CONSTANCY
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20
Q

Piaget cognitive development

A

0-2 years = sensorimotor stage (OBJECT PERMANENCE)
2-7 years = pre-operational (EGOCENTRIC)
7-11 years = concrete operational (CONSERVATION)
> 11 years = formal operational (ABSTRACT, HYPOTHETICAL)

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21
Q

Otto Kernberg

A

Borderline organization

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22
Q

Wilfred Bion

A

Projective identification

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23
Q

Donald Winnicott

A

GOOD ENOUGH MOTHER (mother gradually allows baby to experience some frustration so baby can build an external reality)

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24
Q

Melanie Klein

A
  1. Schizo-paranoid position: primary anxiety = annihilation, BAD BREAST
  2. Depressive position: incorporate good and bad, ambivalence
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25
Assimilation
Integrate external elements in mind
26
Accommodation
Adjust internal structures based on situation
27
Bowlby
Secure base | Attachment behaviour is INNATE and triggers innate response in mother
28
4 stages of grief based on attachment?
1. Acute despair 2. Anger & research 3. Empty and disorganized 4. Re-organization
29
Mary Ainsworth attachment types
1. Secure = 60% in kids @ 2yo 2. Anxious-ambivalent = distressed at separation, angry rejection, ambivalent at reunion, exaggeration reaction for attention, inconsistent parental responses 3. Avoidant = not affected by separation, avoids contact when reunited, focuses on toys, minimizes attachment 4. Disorganized = contradictory behaviour when reunited, neglect, risk factor for dissociation
30
René Spitz
Anaclitic depression
31
Attunement
Parent mimics child's play
32
Heinz Kohut
Self-object, self-psychology 1. Grandiose self = mirror transference 2. Alter ego = twinship transference 3. Ideal parent image = idealizing transference
33
Carl Jung
Introverted vs. extroverted Persona = public image ``` Anima = undeveloped femininity in males Animus = undeveloped masculinity in females ```
34
Thomas & Chess temperament
1. Easy (40%) 2. Difficult (10%) - 70% WILL DEVELOP CD 3. Slow to warm up (15%) 4. No category (35%)
35
Cloninger temperament
1. Harm avoidance = SEROTONIN, high in cluster C 2. Reward dependence = NE, low in cluster A 3. Novelty seeking = DOPAMINE, high in cluster B 4. Persistance, ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX
36
3 character traits
Self-directedness Cooperativeness Self-transcendance
37
Malan triangles
1. Urges (impulses) 2. Defense 3. Anxiety 1. Therapist 2. Parents (past relationships) 3. Others (current relationships)
38
Systemic Desensitization
Gradual exposure + relaxation techniques Joseph Wolpe
39
Classic conditioning
PAVLOV Pairing neutral stimulus with unconditional stimulus (flooding, exposition)
40
Operant conditioning
SKINNER Shaping, reinforcement, punishment Intermittent reinforcement with variable behaviour ratio = most addictive (video-poker)
41
Extinction
Works with flooding Gradual decrease in conditional response when no longer paired with unconditional stimulus (aka salivate less at bell if no longer paired with food)
42
Generalisation
Conditional response to conditional stimulus also triggered by other similar stimuli
43
Seligman
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
44
Premack principle
Use a frequent behaviour to reinforce an infrequent one (AKA NO BROCCOLI = NO DESERT)
45
Immersion
Expose to the most fearful situation right away
46
Interoceptive exposure
Induce feared physiological sensations (dizziness, hyperventilation)
47
Aaron Beck
Empirical collaboration (explain to patient and have them agree with steps of therapy) Socratic questioning (ask questions to lead to patient to their own answers) Retroaction (homework)
48
Beck Triad
Vision of self Vision of future Vision of world
49
IPT
Klerman and Weissman 1. Bereavement 2. Interpersonal conflict 3. Role transition 4. Interpersonal deficit
50
Contraindications to couple therapy
1. severe psychosis 2. one couple desires divorce 3. one parter refuses to participate
51
Biofeedback
OPERANT conditioning ``` Tension headache Migraines Asthma Arrhythmia Raynaud's ```
52
Group psychotherapy contra-indications
``` Severe acting out Acute psychotic/paranoid/suicidal ideations Excessif denial Doesn't tolerate group setting Incompatibility with other group members Language barrier ```
53
Most important therapeutic factor in group therapy?
COHESION
54
5 family therapy models
1. Structural (Minuchin) 2. Circular questioning (Tomm) 3. Systemic/intergenerational (Bowen) 4. Experiential (Satir, Whitaker) 5. Strategic (Milton, Haley)
55
Structural family therapy
MINUCHIN Frontiers Hierarchy Alliances/coalition
56
Circular questioning family therapy
TOMM One member describes another in terms of differences and changes
57
Systemic/intergenerational family therapy
BOWEN Neurotic repetition Degree of differentiation Emotional triangle (HOT TRIANGLE) GENOGRAM
58
Experiential family therapy
SATIR, WHITAKER Importance of current experience and spontaneity FAMILY SCULPTURE
59
Strategic family therapy
MILTON, HALEY Family life cycle Resistance, power
60
Contraindications to family therapy
``` Member emotionally unstable History of violence Collusive rigid family Family religious beliefs Essential member refuses treatment Not priority (ex: treat addiction first) ```
61
Pillars of existential therapy?
Sens (meaning) Liberté (freedom) Isolement (isolation) Mort (death)
62
How young for CBT?
6 years old
63
Kugler-Ross stages of grief
1. Denial/shock 2. Anger (why me?) 3. Bargaining 4. Depression (Beck triangle) 5. Acceptance (death is inevitable)
64
Primary process
Condensation Displacement Symbolic representation
65
Reminiscence therapy
``` Increase tolerance of conflict Increase self-esteem Acceptance Relieve guilt and fears Resolve old problems Increase life meaning ``` NOT focused on intrapsychic conflict
66
Basic principles of motivational interviewing
Express empathy Develop discrepancy Roll with resistance Support self-efficacy
67
Ideal size for group therapy?
8-10 patients
68
IPT indications
MDD (acute, recurrent, maintenance, geriatric, adolescent, HIV+, postpartum, antepartum) BAD (adjunctive) Dysthymia (limited evidence) Bulimia (individual or group)
69
First steps in CBT
``` Trust Rapport Educate Normalize difficulties Instill hope Elicit/correct expectations Goal list ```
70
What's not included in stress management therapy?
PEER SUPPORT
71
Order of interpretation in brief dynamic psychotherapy?
Defense Anxiety Impulse
72
Winnicott
Capacity for TRUST and FAITH
73
"Narcissistic" defence mechanisms
Denial Distortion Projection
74
Transference neurosis
Return to earlier forms of relating Repeating patterns Specific to psychoanalysis
75
Ego functions
Control of instinctual drives Relation to reality Judgment Object relationships
76
Fixation
Stuck on stage of psychosexual development | NOT DEFENCE MECHANISM

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