Psychotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the theory of psychotherapy

A

One’s present outlook shaped by past and unconscious psychological forces

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2
Q

Three stages of conflict

A

Non-resolvable conflict
Attempt to repress
Return of conflict in disguised form

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3
Q

What are defense mechanisms

A

Unconsciously activated in response to anxiety provoking events and feelings

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4
Q

Types of defense mechanisms

A

Level 1->Psychotic defenses
Level 2->Immature defenses
Level 3->Neurotic defenses
Level 4->Mature defenses

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5
Q

What are the psychotic defenses and when are they seen

A

Seen in psychotic disorders, childhood and dreams
Denial->replace reality with wishful thinking
Distortion->distorting reality to meet inner beliefs
Projection->Interpreting internal impulses as though they are outside oneself, delusion about reality

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6
Q

What are the immature defenses and when are they seen (7)

A

Seen in personality disorders, severe depression and adolescence
Acting out->unconscious wishes expressed through impulsive action
Introjection->internalise qualities of object
Blocking->feeling, affect, impulse
Hypochondriasis->exagerration of illness
Somatisation->unconsious expression of psychic pain/tension as physical symptoms
Regression->revert to earlier stage of development to avoid current stressors
Passive agressive

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7
Q

What are the neurotic defenses and when are they seen

A

Common in adults
Controlling
Displacement->shifting emotional response to object/person which resembles anxiety provoking
Externalisation->attributing moods/attitudes/conflicts to external world or objects
Inhibition->limiting function to avoid anxiety provoking internal conflicts
Intellectualisation
Isolation
Rationalisation->rationality to justify behaviours which are unacceptable
Dissociation->modification of sense of self to avoid emotional distress
Reaction formation->transforming an unacceptable impulse to itsopposite
Repression-> removing from consciousness an idea/feeling
Sexualisation

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8
Q

What are the mature defences and when are they seen

A

Common in emotionally healthy individuals
Altruism
Anticipation->planning for future discomfort
Asceticism->denying pleasurable effects of an experience
Humor
Suppression->postpone attention to impulse/conflict

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9
Q

Types of psychodynamic therapy (4)

A

Psychoanalysis
Supportive psychotherapy
Short/brief psychotherapy
Interpersonal psychotherapy

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10
Q

What is psychoanalysis

A
Original psychotherapy
Developed by Frued
Self-revelation and insight
Time intensive
Need tolerance for ambiguity
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11
Q

What is supportive psychotherapy->goal and techniques

A
Goal is to reduce anxiety, not insight
\+mature defenses
Enhancing self esteem
Clarification
Confrontation
Rationalisation
Reframing
Encouragement
Anticipation
De-catastrophising
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12
Q

What is brief psychotherapy used for

A

Resolution of particular emotional problems, acute crisis

Limited time

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13
Q

What is interpersonal psychotherapy

A

Looks at relationship patterns, coping

Personal social roles/relationships and how that causes problems with current functioning

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14
Q

Behavioural therapy->what is it, use, techniques

A
Modification of internal/external events which precipitate/maintain distress
Systematic desensitisation
Flooding
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Extinction (not rewarding behaviour)
Punishment (aversion therapy)
Relaxation
Breathing
Graded tasks
Coping cards
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15
Q

Cognitive therapy->theory, goal, use, techniques

A
Moods/emotions influenced by thoughts
Goal is to identify the automatic thoughts and correct assumptions
Use-anxiety, depression
Thought records->situation, feeling, thoughts, cognitive distortion
Socratic questioning 
Guided discovery
Examining the evidence
Examining advantages and disadvantages
Identifying cognitive errors
Generating rational alternative
Imagery
Role play
Rehearsal
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16
Q

How does CBT work

A

Combination of behaviour and cognitive->learn to weaken associations between cognition, behaviours and mood/anxiety

17
Q

What is dialectical behavioural therapy, four skills and use

A

Combination of CBT and buddhist mindfullness
Originally for borderline personality
Skills->mindfullness, emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness and distress tolerance

18
Q

Other therapies->

A

Group psychotherapy
Family therapy
Hypnosis
Mindfullness-based-cognitive therapy

19
Q

Excesses and deficits in behavioural therapy

A

Excesses->anxiety, depression, avoidance, drinking, aggression, over-activity
Deficits->problem solving, impulse control, physical calming strategies, regular time out, sexual arousal, pleasurable activities, social skills

20
Q

How to treat excesses

A

Reward more adaptive alternative behaviours
Impulse control strategies
Reduce rewards for undesired behaviours
Behavioural contracts with self/other to raise motivation

21
Q

How are deficits treated

A

Acquire/strengthen more adaptive alternative behaviours
Instruction, modelling, supporting
Behavioural contracts with others to +motivation

22
Q

Assumptions of CBT

A

Our thoughts interact with affect, behaviour and events.
So the event in itself does not automatically generate anxiety/depression
Our self talk depends on our past experiences, views and experiences
Adaptive changes in any part of the cycle->Event, cognitive appraisal, emotion and behaviour can improve response
CBT addresses cognitive, behavioural, physiological, emotional and environmental dimensions

23
Q

Controlled breathing for panic attack

A

Patient education->fight, flight, freeze response
Feedback from lungs to limbic system via vagus nerves reduces NE->positive feedback
Calm body cal mind rationale
Slow and stead breathing

Breath-holding for 6 seconds ->in 3 seconds, out 3 seconds, via nostrils / pursed lips
Demonstrate for one hour

12-20 breaths/minute

24
Q

Thought change record

A
Situation
Negative thoughts
Degree of belief
Feeling
Alternative thoughts
Degree of belief in original thought
Feeling