Child development Flashcards
1
Q
Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development
A
- First year= Trust vs mistrust
- Second year= Autonomy vs doubt
Sense of self->ability to control bodily functions
Explore and brief separation - Three-Five years= Initiative vs guilt
Relationship with same sex parent
Fantasy - Six years-puberty = Industry vs inferiority
Learning and doing
Parents not longer the only authority - Adolescence= Identity vs role confusion
- Early adulthood= Intimacy vs isolation
Mature individuals chose the vulnerability of intimacy over the loneliness of isolation - Middle adulthood= Generativity vs self absorption
- Ageing years= Integrity vs despair.
2
Q
Attachment types
A
1. Secure Sad when leave, happy when return Enduring capacity to regulate, generate and maintain states of emotional security 2. Anxious-ambivalent Sad when leave, not sure if can trust when return 3. Avoidant Not to worried, avoid parent when return 4. Disorganised Mother with drawn Child difficult when return
3
Q
Jean Piaget cognitive development stages
A
1. Sensorimotor 0-2 years Rudimentary thinking, object permenance 7-9 months Deferred imitation 2. Preoperational 2-6/7 Maths In early stage X master concept of conservation Lack theory of mind Egocentric 3. Concrete operational 7-11 Concept of conservation Reasoning logical Flexible Symbolic thought 4. Formal operational 11 + Abstracts Hypothetical Not always reached
4
Q
Developmental tasks of adolescence
A
- Cognitive maturity
- Negotiate school
- Leisure, care for self
- Emotional maturity
- Boundaries, peers
- Independant
- Identity
- Life schemas, sense of the future
- Physical changes
5
Q
What is id, ego and superego
A
- Id is our nervous system, our underlying drives and instincts->Anxiety when overwhelmed
- Ego is reality through consciousness
Searches for objects to meet needs of Id - Superego represents society, reality, morality->communicates with ego to = pride, shame, guilt
6
Q
Freudian stages
A
- Oral: birth-18 months
- Anal: ->3 years
- Phallic: 3-6 years
- Latency: 6-13
- Genital: 13+
7
Q
Importance of attachment
A
- Hard wired for relationships
- Safety
- Security
- Learning how those around us will react
- Sharing positive emotional states with caregivers promotes brain growth
8
Q
Hierachical development of brain
A
- Existence at brainstem->safety
- Arousal at diencephalon->movement
- Attachment at limbic->emotional engagement
Sexual
Emotional reactivity
Motor regulation - Abstract thought at neocortex->learning
9
Q
Components of the limbic system
A
1. Amygdala Friendship Love Affection Fear, rage, aggression 2. Hippocampus Memory 3. Thalamus 4. Hypothalamus Expression of emotions (sympathetic) 5. Brainstem EMotional reflex reactions
10
Q
Managing behaviour
A
- Stepping aside from confrontation
- Structure and supervision
- Playfulness, acceptance, curiosity, empathy
- Helping children enjoy
11
Q
When does self regulation occur and why
A
- Occurs 12-18 months
Aware of social demands
Can change behaviour when parent asks
Need adult nearby - At 24 months->children develop self control, can follow parents wishes when they’re not around
- At 36 months->can internalise parent guidance, act in a way they think their parent would want them to
12
Q
Emotion regulation areas of brain responsible
A
- Orbital PFC
- VM PFC
- DL PFC
- Amygdala
- Anterior cingulate cortex
13
Q
Function of PFC
A
- Social learning and relationships
- Emotional regulation
- Recognise and translate facial expression
- Empathy
- Inhibits behaviour
- Binding and attachment
- Personality and sense of identity
14
Q
Impact areas of Trauma, abuse, neglect
A
- Attachment
- Biology
- Affect regulation
- Dissociation
- Behaviour control
- Cognition
- Self-concept
15
Q
Empathy
A
- Emotional empathy->feeling
2. Cognitive empathy->understanding->theory of mind
