Psychosis Flashcards
What was the behaviourist view of talking about voice hearing?
It was rewarding so should not be done as it reinforced.
When is voice hearing particularly common?
Transitioning between sleep and wakefulness
Hearing somebody shout your name
After bereavement
What are the four components to the Stress-Vulnerability Model (Zubin & Spring, 1977)?
Vulnerability
Stress
Coping (helpful or unhelpful)
Who coined the Stress-Vulnerability Model?
Zubin and Spring (1977)
What are the top 3 most likely content of voices?
Commands
Criticism
Abusive
Who identified the distinctions between ‘copers’ and ‘non-copers’ in voice hearing?
Romme and Escher (1993)
What are 3 things that ‘copers’ with voice hearing are able to do?
Believe they are stronger than the voices
Set limits on the voices
Talk about their voices more often
What is the aim of CBT for psychosis?
To reduce distress and dysfunction
What are three short term strategies for voice hearing?
Distraction
Selective Listening
Relaxation
What are three long term strategies for voice hearing?
Accepting the voices
Keeping a record of the voices
Expressing yourself
Who created voice dialogue?
Ron Coleman
What is voice profiling?
Understanding the voice and its identity
What is Object Relations Theory about?
The relationship between the self and the outside ‘others’
How is Object Relations Theory relevant to psychosis/voice hearing?
We all have different ‘selves’ which are presented to different ‘objects’, often learned from parent styles and childhood experiences. If these selves cannot be integrated, this can result in a split sense of self and hearing of ‘voices’.
What is the aim of voice dialogue?
To enable a person to heighten their awareness of the various selves the contain.
What symptoms of psychosis does CBTp work with?
unusual ideas and hallucinations
What is CBTp’s equation to explain why delusional beliefs develop?
Unusual perceptions \+ Need for explanations \+ Cognitive errors = Unusual appraisals \+ Time = Unusual beliefs
What are the thinking errors thought to occur in psychosis?
Jumping to conclusions
What are the two dissociative models?
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
What does the cognitive model say about dissociation?
That it is due to a deficit - the mind is not able to cope, becomes overwhelmed and so dissociates.
What does the psychodynamic model say about dissociation?
That it is functional - the mind actively splits off the trauma in order to maintain coping in the short term.
What is the assumption underlying psychodynamicism?
A person needs to get from the external what they need for their inbuilt biological needs, if they can’t then biological processes will take over.
What is the ‘apparently normal personality’?
The sense of the self as a whole.
What are Emotional Personalities?
Fragments of the self that are unmanageable or not integrated into the ‘Apparently Normal Personality’.
