Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards
What is the current policy for people with learning disabilities?
Valuing People (DoH 2001)
What does the Valuing People Strategy emphasise?
Independence Human Rights Equality Social Inclusion Capacity Personalisation
What % of ID is caused by prenatal reasons?
20-40%
What % of ID is caused by perinatal problems?
10%
What is the AAMR?
American Association of Mental Retardation
What is the AAMR definition of ID?
IQ < 70 Limitations in adaptive behaviour Began before 18
What are the three areas of adaptive behaviour?
Conceptual Social Practical
What is involved in the conceptual area of adaptive behaviour?
Language Understanding of concepts
What is involved in the social area of adaptive behaviour?
Self-direction Ability to function in social contexts Understanding of social contexts
What is involved in the practical area of adaptive behaviour?
Ability to do things
What are the three sides to the social model of disability?
The Person The Environment The Available Support
Who devised the Social Model of Disability?
The AAID
What are the three most common elements of assessment for ID?
BACKGROUND HISTORY WAIS-IV Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System
Who argues against the functionality of the WAIS-IV?
Whitaker (2005)
What does Whitaker particularly argue about the WAIS-IV?
It is arbitrary and not informative to have cut off points.
List four key issues that can occur in families of people with learning disabilities.
Excessive and prolonged dependency Families being conscious of being different Uncertainty and anxiety about the future To what degree is the family organised around the child?
What kinds of things can impact upon a family’s ability to provide care for a member with ID?
Carers’ appraisals of their situations and the resources that they have to cope Societal pressures and support offered Stigma/perception of
What are some of the critical transition points for children?
Pre school Entering school Early adolescence Chronological adulthood
Which themes from attachment are relevant to ID?
Threat and need for security Transitions and change Relationships with parents and significant others Losses/separations Self-regulation
Who researched pre-verbal relating patterns in neonates?
Beebe and Lachmann (2002)
What did Beebe and Lachmann (2002) investigate?
Reciprocal roles in very early infancy.
Who proposed that attachment theory might be a helpful framework in within which one can understand the process relating to loss and trauma associated with having a disabled child?
Marvin & Pianta (1996)
What did Marvin & Pianta (1996) propose?
That attachment theory may be a helpful framework by which we can better understand loss associated with having a disabled child.
What kinds of things may impede a parent’s ability to parent their child sensitively in ID?
Them not being able to develop a representation of the child’s actual abilities rather than their wished for abilities (Barnett et al., 2003)
What did Barnett et al (2003) say about ID?
That parents may find it difficult to sensitively respond to their child if they cannot develop a representation of their child’s actual abilities.
What is the mediated self?
That a person needs others around in order to know themselves and regulate themselves.
How does the mediated self relate to learning disabilities?
People with mild learning disabilities tend to have had a high level of input when they were developing their autonomous self and, thus, cannot know theirself without the input of others. Therefore, ‘dependent personality style’ tends to be the norm in people with mild ID.
Who coined the ‘mediated self’?
Levitas and Gilson (1994)
What did Levitas and Gilson (1994) talk about?
The mediated self
What reciprocal role is particularly important to consider in people with ID?
caring - cared for
What might being cared for invoke in someone with ID?
SHAME
What are the three taboos in ID (Sinason, 1992)?
Disability/Dependence Mortality Sexuality
Who talks about the sense in stupidity?
Sinason (1992)
What are the three factors that might lead to using stupidity as a defence (Sinason, 1992)?
To keep the outer world happy To explain abnormality and make up for poor development of personality To protect against trauma
Which paper offers and overview of review papers of psychotherapy in PwID?
Prout and Browning (2011)
What did Prout and Browning (2011) conclude?
Psychotherapy can be ‘moderately effective’ for people with learning disabilities
What do Prout and Browning (2011) recommend for future research into psychotherapy effectiveness in PwID?
Better designed studies Focus on outcome and effectiveness Research into the ‘ingredients’ of effective therapy, both content and process
What did Whitehouse et al (2006) recommend as being of primary importance for therapy in PwID?
Considering transference and counter-transference Acknowledging disability.
Why do Whitehouse et al. (2006) highlight the importance of considering transference and counter-transference in therapy with PwID?
PwID tend to make attachments more quickly Counter-transference can be strong with PwID, especially being pulled into the need to rescue Endings are important for PwID
Who talk about CAT and reciprocal role with PwID?
Psalia & Crowley (2005)
What are four key points for working with care staff?
Understand the service provision and commissioning Get to know the service/staff well Consider levels of stress in staff and staff’s beliefs about the problem Have regular contact including follow up and review
