Cognitive Rehabilitation

Question 1

What does the Stokes (2000) model outline?

Answer 1

A way of formulating older adults.

Question 2

Outline the Stokes (2000) model.

Answer 2

A goal or behaviour has 4 different components which will act upon it:
Cognitive
Environmental and social
Pre-morbid personality
Physiological/Biological

Question 3

What is a ‘pen picture’?

Answer 3

It can be derived from the Stokes model and is a 2-line formulation which captures an older adult’s person to inform carers and other service providers.

Question 4

What is critical to assessment in older adults?

Answer 4

BACKGROUND HISTORY and ‘PRE-MORBID’ SELF

What are their strengths?

Question 5

What could be a 4 helpful early interventions for dementia?

Answer 5

Developing procedural memory
Reminiscence for autobio mem
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy
Individualised Cognitive Stimulation Therapy

Question 6

Who talks about coping styles in dementia?

Answer 6

Clare (2005)

Question 7

What does Clare (2005) say about coping styles over time?

Answer 7

They tend to polarise

Question 8

Which polar ends does Clare (2005) identify as coping styles?

Answer 8

Self maintaining

Self adjusting

Question 9

What is the self-maintaining coping style like and who identified it?

Answer 9

Clare (2005) 
'minimising'
holding on and trying to compensate
rely on others more
implement practical strategies

Question 10

What is the self-adjusting coping style like and who identified it?

Answer 10

Clare (2005)
‘fighting spirit’
Often independent and may be resistant to help

Question 11

List 6 areas for cognitive rehab.

Answer 11

Thorough neuropsych assessment
Everyday functioning
Coping style
Awareness
Caregiver coping
Targeting rehab strengths

Question 12

What should be considered when thinking about awareness of dementia?

Answer 12

Neuroanatomical processes
Psychological defence mechanisms
Social factors

Question 13

What questions need to be asked when considering how to tailor make a rehab programme?

Answer 13

What do they want?
To make the most of remaining memory functioning?
Enhance or maintain performance of everyday activities?
Develop use of compensatory strategies to reduce demands on memory?

Question 14

Who developed Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?

Answer 14

Spector (2008)

Question 15

How effective has CST been found to be and by whom?

Answer 15

Spector (2008) found that it was as good as Aricept

Question 16

What are the aims of CST?

Answer 16

To actively stimulate and engage people with dementia, whilst providing an optimal learning environment and the social benefits of a group

Question 17

For whom is CST appropriate?

Answer 17

People with MCI/in the early stages of dementia (MMSE > 20)

Question 18

What kind of conversations are good to have with older adults/people with dementia?

Answer 18

Opinion based not fact based.

Question 19

What is the aim of reminiscence therapy?

Answer 19

To optimise people’s knowledge about the past.

Question 20

With whom is reminiscence therapy done?

Answer 20

The carer