psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what are pros and cons of TCAs ?

A

pros - very effective

cons - antihistaminic (weight gain, sedation), anticholinergic, antiadrenergic(hypotension, sexual dysfunction) side effects
lethal in overdose
can cause QT lengthening

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2
Q

what is the action of tertiary TCAs ?

A

serotonin receptor agonists

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3
Q

what are secondary TCAs and what is their action ?

A

metabolites of tertiary amines
block noradrenaline
less severe side effects

nortriptyline, desipramine

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4
Q

how do MAOIs work ?

A

bind to monoamine oxidase, prevent inactivation of amines such as norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin - leads to increased synaptic levels

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5
Q

what are side effects of MAOIs ?

A
tyramine crisis - hypertensive crisis
orthostatic hypotension
weight gain
dry mouth
sedation
sexual dysfunction
sleep disturbance
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6
Q

what is serotonin syndrome ?

A

if taking MAOIs with meds that increase serotonin

abdo pain
diarrhoea
sweats
tachycardia, HTN
myoclonus
irritability 
delirium

hyperpyrexia, shock, death

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7
Q

how do you avoid serotonin syndrome ?

A

wait 2 weeks before switching from SSRI to MAOI

except fluoxetine wait 5 weeks

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8
Q

what are examples of MAOIs ?

A

selegeline

rasagiline

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9
Q

how do SSRIs work ?

A

block presynaptic serotonin uptake

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10
Q

what are common side effects with SSRIs ?

A
GI upset
sexual dysfunction
anxiety
restlessness
nervousness
insomnia
fatigue
sedation
dizziness
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11
Q

what are symptoms of discontinuation syndrome ?

A

agitation
nausea
disequilibrium
dysphoria

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12
Q

what are pros and cons of paroxetine ?

A

pros - short half life, sedating - take at night, good initial

cons - weight gain, sedating, discontinuation syndrome

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13
Q

what are pros and cons of sertraline ?

A

pros - weak drug interaction, short h/l

cons - need full stomach, GI ADR

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14
Q

what are pros and cons of fluoxetine ?

A

pros - less discontinuation, initial activating

cons - bad for liver, ADR, initial anxiety, induce mania

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15
Q

what are pros and cons of citalopram ?

A

pros - few ADR

cons - QT prolongation, sedating, GI

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16
Q

what are pros and cons of escitalopram ?

A

pros - low ADR

cons - QT prolongation, nausea, headache

17
Q

what are pros and cons of fluvoxamine ?

A

pros - analgesic, shortest h/l

cons - GI, headache, sedation, weakness, ADR

18
Q

how do SNRIs work ?

A

inhibit both serotonin and noradrenergic reuptake like TCA but less side effects

19
Q

what are pros and cons with venlafaxine ?

A

pros - low ADR, fast renal clearance

cons - HTN, nausea, discontinuation syndrome, sexual side effect, QT prolongation

20
Q

what are pros and cons of duloxetine ?

A

pros - physical depression

cons- ADR, high drop out rate

21
Q

what are pros and cons of mirtazapine ?

A

pros - augmented with SSRI - 5HT receptor antagonist

cons - increase cholesterol, sedating, weight gain

22
Q

what are pros and cons of buproprion ?

A

pros - augmenting, little side effects, 2nd line ADHD

cons- seizure risk avoid in brain things, no anxiety treatment, psychotic - abuse potential

23
Q

how do you manage treatment resistance ?

A

combo SSRI/SNRI with mirtazapine
+lithium
+atypical antipsychotic
ECT

24
Q

what factors predict +ve response to lithium ?

A

prior long term/ FHx good response
classic pure mania
mania followed by depression

25
Q

what needs to be done before starting lithium ?

A

baseline U+E, TSH

pregnancy test

26
Q

how do you monitor someone on lithium ?

A

check after 5 days, 12 hours after dose
once stable check 3 months + TSH, creatinine,
then 6 months
goal 0.6-1.2

27
Q

what are side effects of lithium ?

A
GI distress - N+V, diarrhoea
thyroid abnormalities
leukocytosis
polyuria 
hair loss, acne
reduced seizure threshold, cognitive slowing
28
Q

what are symptoms of lithium toxicity ?

A

mid 1.5-2.0 - vomiting, diarrhoea, ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech

moderate 2-2.5 - N+V, anorexia, blurred vision, clonic movement, seizure, delirium, syncope

severe >2.5 - seizures, oliguria, renal failure

29
Q

what factors predict positive response to valproic acid ?

A

rapid cycling patients
comorbid substance abuse
mixed patients
anxiety

30
Q

what needs done before starting valproic acid ?

A

baseline LFTs
pregnancy test
FBC
start folic acid in women

31
Q

how is valproic acid monitored ?

A

steady after 4/5 days, 12 hours after dose
repeat FBC, LFT

target 50-125

32
Q

what are side effects of valproic acid ?

A
thrombocytopenia 
N+V
weight gain
sedation
tremor
hair loss

neural tube defect

33
Q

what needs done before starting carbamazepine ?

A

baseline LFT, FBC, ECG

34
Q

how is carbamazepine monitored ?

A

steady 5 days + 12 hours
FBC, LFTs

4-12 mcg/ml

check after 1 month

35
Q

what are side effects of carbamazepine ?

A
rash
N+V+D
sedation
dizziness, ataxia, confusion
AV conduction delay
anaemia, agranulocytosis
water retention 
ADR - lots
36
Q

what are side effects of lamotrigine ?

A

N+V
sedation, dizzy, ataxic, confusion
TEN, SJS - discontinue if rash

37
Q

what drugs increase lamotrigine ?

A

VPA