psychopharmacology Flashcards
what are pros and cons of TCAs ?
pros - very effective
cons - antihistaminic (weight gain, sedation), anticholinergic, antiadrenergic(hypotension, sexual dysfunction) side effects
lethal in overdose
can cause QT lengthening
what is the action of tertiary TCAs ?
serotonin receptor agonists
what are secondary TCAs and what is their action ?
metabolites of tertiary amines
block noradrenaline
less severe side effects
nortriptyline, desipramine
how do MAOIs work ?
bind to monoamine oxidase, prevent inactivation of amines such as norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin - leads to increased synaptic levels
what are side effects of MAOIs ?
tyramine crisis - hypertensive crisis orthostatic hypotension weight gain dry mouth sedation sexual dysfunction sleep disturbance
what is serotonin syndrome ?
if taking MAOIs with meds that increase serotonin
abdo pain diarrhoea sweats tachycardia, HTN myoclonus irritability delirium
hyperpyrexia, shock, death
how do you avoid serotonin syndrome ?
wait 2 weeks before switching from SSRI to MAOI
except fluoxetine wait 5 weeks
what are examples of MAOIs ?
selegeline
rasagiline
how do SSRIs work ?
block presynaptic serotonin uptake
what are common side effects with SSRIs ?
GI upset sexual dysfunction anxiety restlessness nervousness insomnia fatigue sedation dizziness
what are symptoms of discontinuation syndrome ?
agitation
nausea
disequilibrium
dysphoria
what are pros and cons of paroxetine ?
pros - short half life, sedating - take at night, good initial
cons - weight gain, sedating, discontinuation syndrome
what are pros and cons of sertraline ?
pros - weak drug interaction, short h/l
cons - need full stomach, GI ADR
what are pros and cons of fluoxetine ?
pros - less discontinuation, initial activating
cons - bad for liver, ADR, initial anxiety, induce mania
what are pros and cons of citalopram ?
pros - few ADR
cons - QT prolongation, sedating, GI