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Psychiatric > Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are antidepressants medication?

A

MAOI
Tricyclics
SSRI
SNRI
Bupropion (NDRI)

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2
Q

How Antidepressants medication work?

A

Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Inhibiting the release of MAOIs

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3
Q

Serotonin syndrome occur with what medication take together with Antidepressants medication?

A

Taken w/ St. John’s Wort (herb)
Buspirone

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4
Q

What is a Serotonin syndrome?

A

Life-threatening drug reaction
Results from having too much serotonin in your body

Symptoms

  • agitation
  • hallucinations
  • fever
  • tremors
  • diaphoresis 発汗
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5
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?

A

Extremely strong class of antidepressants

  • Preventing the breakdown of the brain chemicals serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
  • This helps them do their work of regulating your mood
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6
Q

Nursing Implications/Antidepressants

A

Risk for suicide
Risk for injury(related side-effect)
Social isolation
Risk for constipation
Insomnia

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7
Q

Contraindication/Antidepressants

A

Bupropion for PTs with seizure disorder
-increased risk of seizures

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8
Q

What is a benzodiazepine used for?

A

Antianxiety

A type of sedative medication.

This means they slow down the body and brain’s functions. They can be used to help with anxiety and insomnia.

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9
Q

What is the most common benzodiazepine?

A

lorazepam
Alprazolam

Do not take more than 3 weeks – short term
Long term treatment usually use antidepressant meds

If not managed carefully, the patient is at high risk for addiction.

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10
Q

What should we discuss with families and clients regarding the use of lorazepam?

A
  • No smoking and caffeine/dec the effects
  • Risk for activity intolerance: don’t drive
  • Severe CNS depression
  • Can have paradoxical effect – causes insomnia
  • Don’t take more than what is prescribed and take when you feel anxiety symptoms
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11
Q

Which of the following medications would be an appropriate prn medication for an individual with anxiety symptoms?

a) Buspirone
b) Alprazolam
c) Fluoxetine
d) Sertraline

A

b

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12
Q

How can we maintained lithium level?

A

Remain within a therapeutic levels.

  1. 0–1.5 mEq/L (acute mania)
  2. 6–1.2 mEq/L (maintenance)
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13
Q

Contraindication/Lithium

A
  • Pregnancy risk
  • Discourage breastfeeding
  • Severe renal or cardiac disease, hypovolemia, schizophrenia
  • Use cautiously in older adult clients
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14
Q

Side-effect/Lithium

A

Anticonvulsant

  • Weight gain
  • Toxicity: NARROW therapeutic window(Lithium Toxicity)
    the higher the toxicity levels, the higher chance for death
    -Seizures

-Cardiovascular collapse DEATH

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15
Q

Side effects/lamotrigine (Lamictil)

A
  • *Anticonvulsant/treat seizures and bipolar disorder**
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • toxic epidermal necrolysis:
  • Rash
  • inflammatory condition
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16
Q

Lithium characteristic

A

Mood-stabilizing agent

Controls episodes of mania
Prevents return of mania/depression
Dec incidence of suicide

17
Q

characteristic

carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine

A

Treat/prevent mani /depressive episodes
mixed mania &rapid cycling depressive disorders

Rapid=Four or more hypomania or acute mania within 1 year
increase recurrence rate and resistance to treatment

18
Q

Typical Antipsychotic Medications name?

A

Block dopamine receptor

Phenothiazines

  • chlorpromazine
  • haloperidol
19
Q

Typical Antipsychotic Medications
Precautions 予防措置

A

Hypersensitivity
Blood dyscrasias (anemia and cancers)
Parkinson’s disease
Narrow-angle glaucoma
Liver/Renal/Cardiac insufficiency
Elderly

20
Q

Typical Antipsychotic Medications
Side-effectse

A

Acute dystonia/ muscle spasm
Tardive dyskinesia/involuntary movement disorder
EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms)

Hormonal side effects:
Decreased libido, retrograde ejaculation
Gynecomastia in men, amenorrhea in women, and galactorrhea

21
Q

Typical Antipsychotic Medications
Implementation

A

PTs taking long term should be monitored for abnormal movements.
PT should report signs of muscular stiffness/spasms
Assess for history of diabetes and hyperglycemia
A assess for history of seizures
Educate PT of risk for hypotension and orthostatic hypotension
Smoking increases metabolism of antipsychotics, requiring dosage adjustment.
Increase photosensitivity to sunlight - wear sunscreen

22
Q

What medications cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and life-threatening reaction to the
use of almost any kind of neuroleptic (antipsychotic)

23
Q

Nuroleptic malignant syndrome
Symptoms

A

Severe muscle rigidity
Very high fever
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Fluctuations in BP

24
Q

What is the extrapyramidal side effects?

A

A group of symptoms that can occur in people taking antipsychotic medications

25
Q

What medication are treat extrapyramidal side effects?

A
  • Benztropine (Anti-Tremor) 1-2 mg/day
  • Amantadine 100 mg 2-3xs/day
26
Q

Atypical Antipsychotic Medications name?

A

olanzapine
clozapine
Asenapine

27
Q

What is the potential side-effect of olanzapine?

A
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • new onset of DM or loss of glucose control
  • risk for HTN & other CVD
  • weight gain
  • inc cholesterol
28
Q

What test clozapine need to monitor?

A

Remember that clozapine requires blood monitoring

  • Weight/BMI
  • WBC count
  • Neutrophil count
  • Fasting glucose
  • Fasting lipid panels
29
Q

What do we need to do BEFORE start medication to the pt?

A

A through baseline assessment

30
Q

What pt must know about medication?

A

Why to take?
When to take?
Side-effects?
Whom to contact when side-effect?

31
Q

How do psychotropic medication work?

Most affect the a)___________,producing changes in
b)___________ release and the receptors to which bind

A

a) neuronal synapses
b) neurotransmitter

Psychiatric (21 decks)

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