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🧠 Psych A > Psychopathology -OCD > Flashcards

Psychopathology -OCD Flashcards

1
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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2
Q

Obsessions

A

A persistent thought or idea that causes anxiety

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3
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive behaviours which ease anxiety caused by obsessions

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4
Q

Behavioural characteristics of ODC

A

Compulsions
Avoidance

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5
Q

Avoidance in OCD

A

Preventing encountering environmental stimuli which triggers anxiety

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6
Q

Emotional characteristics of OCD

A

Anxiety
Guilt
Disgust

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7
Q

Cognitive characteristics of OCD

A

Obsessive thoughts
Awareness of anxiety
Hypervigilance

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8
Q

Awareness in OCD

A

Being aware of excessive anxiety over environmental stimuli

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9
Q

Hypervigilance in OCD

A

Constantly assessing threats from the environment which cause anxiety

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10
Q

Biological explanation for OCD

A

Genetics and neurotransmitters

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11
Q

Heritable

A

OCD is inherited in genes and runs in families

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12
Q

Candidate genes

A

Specific genes that give a predisposition to a condition

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13
Q

Predisposition

A

Being susceptible to developing a condition

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14
Q

Candidate genes for OCD

A

SERT
COMT
5HT1-D beta
Gene 9

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15
Q

Polygenic

A

Multiple candidate genes exist to cause the same condition which each increase the risk by a fraction

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16
Q

Aetiologically heterogeneous

A

Different combinations of genes cause the same condition in different people but may cause different types

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17
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

People who are predisposed to OCD must experience an activating event to develop the condition and vice versa.

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18
Q

What gene codes for regulating dopamine

A

COMT

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19
Q

Taylor (2013)

A

Proposed their were 230 genes which code for OCD

20
Q

Neural explanations of OCD

A

Neurotransmitters and brain structure

21
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with OCD

A

Low levels of serotonin
High levels of dopamine

22
Q

Strength of neural explanation (neurotransmitters)

A

Supporting evidence from Soomro et al

23
Q

Co-morbidity in OCD

A

Depression is often associated with OCD (co-morbidity)
Depression disrupts the serotonin system, so evidence of serotonin being affected in OCD could be a symptom of depression

24
Q

Brain structures associated with OCD

A

Abnormal lateral frontal lobes associated with hoarding
Left parrohippocampal gyrus associated with unpleasant emotions

25
Role of serotonin
Regulating mood
26
Biological treatments for OCD
Drug therapies (SSRIs)
27
How is the neural explanation of OCD reductionist
It does not account for trauma which can cause the onset of OCD
28
How do SSRIs work
Increase the level of serotonin in the synapse by preventing the reabsorption of it.
29
What is the cell before the synapse called
Pre synaptic neurone
30
What is the cell after the synapse called
Post synaptic neurone
31
What is the gap between two neurones called
Synapse
32
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals which pass electrical impulses between nerve cells
33
What is the name of the most common SSRI
Fluoxetine
34
What is the daily dose of fluoxetine
20-60mg
35
How long does it take for SSRIs to take effect
3-4 weeks
36
What are the two alternative drug therapies for OCD
Tricyclics SNRIs
37
How are studies supporting drug therapies biased?
Funded by drug companies trying to promote their treatments
38
Strengths of the genetic explanation of OCD
Supporting evidence (Nestadt)
39
Weaknesses of the genetic explanation of OCD
Oversimplified (OCD often follows trauma) Too many candidate genes (Taylor)
40
Strengths of the neural explanation of OCD
Real world application (Soomro et al)
41
Weaknesses of the neural explanation of OCD
Could be due to co-morbidity Oversimplified (OCD often follows trauma)
42
Strengths of the biological treatment of OCD
Cheaper Effective (Soomro et al)
43
Weaknesses of the biological treatment of OCD
Side effects Biased evidence (drug companies)
44
Nestadt et al (2010)
P- Reviewed previous twin studies on OCD F- Found 68% of identical twins and 31% of non identical twins experience OCD
45
Soomro et al (2008)
P- Conducted a review of research examining the effectiveness of SSRIs treating OCD F- Found that SSRIs were more effective in treating OCD than placebos

🧠 Psych A (17 decks)

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