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🧠 Psych A > Psychopathology - Depression > Flashcards

Psychopathology - Depression Flashcards

1
Q

Emotional characteristics of depression

A

Low mood
Anger/hostility

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2
Q

Behavioural characteristics of depression

A

Changes in activity
Changes to sleeping
Changes to eating
Aggressive acts

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3
Q

Cognitive characteristics of depression

A

Poor concentration
Poor decision making
Absolutist thinking
Focus on negatives

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4
Q

What changes to activity levels would a person with depression show

A

Lethargy (reduced activity)
Psychomotor agitation (increase in activity)

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5
Q

What changes to sleep may a person with depression show

A

Hypersomnia (increase)
Insomnia (decrease)

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6
Q

What changes to eating may a person with depression show

A

Increased/decreased appetite (binging or anorexia)
Physical changes to weight

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7
Q

How may a person with depression show aggression

A

Aggressive acts to self or others (self harm, fighting with others)

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8
Q

What does it mean for a person with depression to experience low mood

A

Feeling sad or unhappy

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9
Q

What does it mean for a person to feel anger in depression

A

Feelings of annoyance and hostility

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10
Q

Absolutist thinking

A

Rigid expectations for self and others
Seeing everything in ‘black and white’

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11
Q

Cognitive explanations of depression

A

Ellis’ ABC model
Beck’s negative triad

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12
Q

ABC model of depression

A

Suggests that irrational beliefs lead to depression

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13
Q

A in ABC model

A

Activating event

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14
Q

B in ABC model

A

(Irrational) Beliefs

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15
Q

C in ABC model

A

Consequences

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16
Q

Types of irrational belief in ABC model

A

Musturbation
I-Can’t-Stand-It-Itis
Utopianism

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17
Q

Musturbation

A

The belief that you must always succeed or achieve perfection

18
Q

‘I-can’t-stand-it-itis’

A

The belief that it is a disaster every time something goes wrong (catastrophising any situation)

19
Q

Utopianism

A

The belief that life should always be fair and life is not fair when something goes wrong

20
Q

Who proposed the ABC model of depression

A

Ellis (1962)

21
Q

Who proposed the negative triad

A

Beck (1967)

22
Q

Beck’s theory on depression

A

Idea that the way people think makes them vulnerable to depression:
Negative self schemas,
Faulty information processing,
The negative triad

23
Q

Negative self schemas

A

Interpreting all information about ourselves in a negative way

24
Q

Faulty information processing

A

Idea that depressed people dwell on negatives and catastrophise situations

25
Q

Beck’s negative triad

A

Negative views about:
The self
The world
The future

26
Q

Strengths of the cognitive explanation of depression

A

Real world application
Supporting evidence (Grazioli and Terry, March et al)

27
Q

Weaknesses of the cognitive explanation of depression

A

Only explains reactive depression (due to an activating event)
Ignores other explanations (biological- serotonin on depression)

28
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

Talking therapy
5-20 sessions
Sessions are 50-60 minutes

29
Q

Two elements of CBT

A

Cognitive- identify irrational and negative thoughts
Behavioural- patients test their beliefs through experiment and ‘homework’

30
Q

Beck’s cognitive therapy

A

Identify
Challenge
Test

31
Q

Identify (Beck’s CBT)

A

Therapist helps patient identify negative thoughts (self, world, future), called thought catching

32
Q

Challenge (Beck’s CBT)

A

Patient and therapist challenge irrational thoughts by discussing evidence for and against them

33
Q

Test (Beck’s CBT)

A

Patient as scientist- the patient is encouraged to test the validity of their negative thoughts, and is set ‘homework’ outside of therapy

34
Q

Ellis’ CBT

A

Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy (REBT)

35
Q

REBT acronym

A

Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy

36
Q

Process of REBT

A

Extends ABC model with D (dispute) and E (effect)
Challenges irrational beliefs through vigorous argument to replace them with effective beliefs/attitudes

37
Q

Types of dispute in REBT

A

Empirical- therapist seeks evidence for the person’s beliefs
Logical- therapist questions logic of a person’s beliefs

38
Q

Strengths of the cognitive treatment of depression

A

Research support (March et al)

39
Q

Weaknesses of the cognitive treatment of depression

A

Less effective for people with worse irrational beliefs
Other treatments have advantages (drug therapies are less time consuming)

40
Q

March et al (2007)

A

P- 327 depressed adolescents. Looked at the effectiveness of CBT, and a combination of CBT and antidepressants
F- 81% of the CBT group and the antidepressant group significantly improved. 86% of the combined group improved.

41
Q

Grazioli and Terry (2000)

A

P- Assessed pregnant women before and after birth for vulnerability to depression
F- Cognitively vulnerable (irrational beliefs and negative thoughts) women were more likely to experience post natal depression

🧠 Psych A (14 decks)

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