Psychopathology (definitions) Flashcards

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1
Q

Specific phobias

A

Phobias of objects or situations, such as the fear of snakes

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2
Q

Social anxiety

A

Phobias of social activities, such as public speaking

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3
Q

Agoraphobia

A

The fear of being outside/in public places

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4
Q

Generalisation

A

When the same response occurs when in contact with a stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimuli, e.g. a fear of rats leading to a fear of all small animals

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5
Q

Systematic desensitisation

A

A treatment for phobias in which the phobic is gradually exposed to their fear. It uses classical conditioning to relearn a new response to the fear.

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6
Q

Flooding

A

A treatment for phobias in which the phobic is immediately exposed to their fear in extreme conditions. It prevents negative reinforcement by making the phobic face their fear.

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7
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

A severe but often short-term case of depression

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8
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

A long term or recurring case of depression

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9
Q

Negative schema

A

Negative thoughts and beliefs developed in childhood as a result of a negative experience such as bullying, poor parenting, or physical/emotional abuse. Examples include ‘no one likes me’ and ‘life is pointless’.

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10
Q

Irrational beliefs/thoughts

A

Any belief that distorts reality in a way that interferes with our ability to be happy

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11
Q

Global assessment of functioning

A

An assessment guide for mental health which uses a scale of 1-100, 1 being the worst mental health state and 100 being the best.

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12
Q

A compulsion

A

A behaviour you feel like you need to do

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13
Q

An obsession

A

A cognition which you are constantly aware of

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14
Q

Statistical deviation

A

Behaviours/cognitions which are rare/vary from the average (the top or bottom 2.28%)

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15
Q

Deviation from social norms

A

Behaviour/cognitions which are socially unacceptable

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16
Q

Failure to function adequately

A

The inability to function in everyday life

17
Q

Deviation from ideal mental health

A

Failing to meet criteria for normal mental functioning

18
Q

False positive

A

Behaviour which is normal, but would be considered abnormal by a particular definition of abnormality

19
Q

False negative

A

Behaviour which is abnormal, but would be considered normal by a particular definition of abnormality

20
Q

Phobia

A

An irrational fear of an object or situation

21
Q

Depression

A

A mental disorder characterised by low mood and energy levels

22
Q

Behavioural characteristics

A

Ways in which people act

23
Q

Emotional characteristics

A

Ways in which people feel

24
Q

Cognitive characteristics

A

Ways in which people think

25
Q

OCD

A

A disorder characterised by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours

26
Q

Behavioural activation

A

Encouraging a depressed patient to be more active and engage in enjoyable activities