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Psychopathology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Statistical Infrequency?

A

Statistical Infrequency is a definition of abnormality. According to this definition, a behaviour is seen as abnormal if it is statistically uncommon, or not seen very often in society.

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2
Q

What is Cultural relativism?

A

Cultural relativism is the view that behaviour cannot be judged properly unless it’s viewed in the context of the culture in which it originate.

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3
Q

What is Deviation from social norms?

A

Abnormal behaviour is seen as deviation from unstated rules about how one ought to behave.

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4
Q

What is DSM?

A

DSM is a list of mental disorders that is used to diagnosed mental disorders.

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5
Q

What is Deviation from ideal mental health?

A
  • Lack of a positive attitude towards the self

- Lack of resistance to stress and an accurate perception of reality.

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6
Q

What is Failure to function adequately?

A

Failure to function adequately is inability to go about their daily life.

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7
Q

What is depression?

A

Depression is a mood disorder where an individual feels sad and lacks interest in their regular activities.

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8
Q

What is OCD?

A

An anxiety disorder where anxiety arises from obsessions and compulsions.

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9
Q

What are Phobias?

A

Phobias are a group of mental disorders characterised by high levels of anxiety in response to particular stimulus or group of stimuli.

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10
Q

What are the Emotional characteristics of Phobias?

A
  • anxiety

- panic

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11
Q

What are the Behavioural characteristics of Phobias?

A
  • Avoidance

- Freeze/faint

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12
Q

What are the Cognitive characteristics of Phobias?

A
  • Resistance to rational arguments

- Recognition that their phobia is irrational

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13
Q

What are the Emotional characteristics of Depression?

A
  • Sadness/Loss of interest in day to day activities

- Anger

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14
Q

What are the Behavioural characteristics of Depression?

A
  • Shift in activity level
  • Agitated/restlessness
  • Change in sleeping pattern
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15
Q

What are the Cognitive characteristics of Depression?

A
  • Negative thoughts
  • Negative self concept
  • Negative view of world
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16
Q

What are the Emotional characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Anxiety

- embarrassment/shame

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17
Q

What are the Cognitive characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Recurrent Obsessions

- Doubts/impulses

18
Q

What are the Behavioural characteristics of OCD?

A
  • Compulsive behaviours are performed to reduce anxiety
19
Q

What is the two process model?

A

A theory that explains the two processes that lead to the development of phobias. (Classical and Operant)

20
Q

What is flooding?

A

A form of behavioural therapy that is used to treat phobias. A client is exposed to an extreme form of the threatening situation under relaxed situations until the anxiety reaction stops.

21
Q

What is Systematic desensitization?

A

A form of behavioural therapy used to treat phobias and other anxiety disorders. Works by gradually introducing the person to the fear step by step so it’s not overwhelming.

22
Q

What is a Schema?

A

A cognitive framework that helps organise and interpret information in the brain. A schema helps an individual to make sense of new information.

23
Q

What is the ABC model?

A

A cognitive approach to understanding mental disorder, focusing on the effect of irrational beliefs on emotions

24
Q

Normal persons abc model vs depressed abc model?

A
  • Activating effect > Rational belief > Healthy emotion

- Activating event > Irrational belief > Unhealthy emotion

25
Q

Draw the Negative triad?

A

Negative view of self <> Negative view of the future <> Negative view of the world

26
Q

What is the Negative triad?

A

A cognitive approach to depression viewing it as a cycle.

27
Q

What are the 3 steps of Systematic Desensitisation?

A
  • Counterconditioning (patient is taught to associate phobic stimulus with something else)
  • Relaxation (relaxation techniques)
  • Desensitisation hierarchy
28
Q

What is Musturbatory thinking?

A

Thinking that certain ideas or assumptions must be true for an individual to be able to function.

29
Q

Beck said that depressed people had acquired a ________ schema during childhood.

A

Negative.

30
Q

What is Cognitive behavioural therapy?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy is a way of challenging irrational thoughts and changing behaviour in response to these thoughts.

31
Q

What are Irrational thoughts?

A

Irrational thoughts are thoughts that are unrealistic and illogical.

32
Q

What genes does the biological approach say may cause OCD?

A
  • The COMT gene

- The SERT gene

33
Q

What is Diathesis stress?

A

Diathesis stress is the idea that someone can have the OCD genes and not have OCD therefore the person has to have the genes and the certain (stressful environment).

34
Q

What is Concordance rate?

A

Concordance rate is a measure of genetic similarity.

35
Q

What are the different types of drugs used in drug therapy for ocd treatment? (biological approach)

A
  • SSRIs (Prozac)
  • Tricyclics (Anafranil)
  • Anti anxiety drugs e.g. benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium)
36
Q

What’s a negative of using drugs to treat OCD?

A

Side effects. All drugs have side effects, some more severe than others.

37
Q

What is GABA?

A

A neurotransmitter that regulates excitement in the nervous system. (natural anxiety reducer.)

38
Q

What is Noradrenaline?

A

Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter found in areas of the brain that are responsible for autonomic nervous system activity.

39
Q

What is Serotonin?

A

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter implicated in many different behaviours and physiological processes including aggression., eating behaviour, sleep and depression.

40
Q

Draw Multi store model?

A

“Insert image here”

41
Q

Draw Working memory model?

A

“Insert image here”

42
Q

EVALUATE Deviation from social norms?

A
  • Social norms are not stable (e.g. homosexuality)
  • Deviance is defined by context
  • Gender bias (most research done with men)

Psychology (11 decks)

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